SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Influenced by the Renaissance spirit –spirit of curiosity –encouraged to study natural world –questioned long-held beliefs –developed a split between science and religion

Developed Scientific Method Logical procedure for gathering and testing data –state the problem –form a hypothesis –experiment –draw conclusions

Traditional beliefs - Greeks Aristarchus –“Sun-centered” theory Ptolemy –“earth-centered” theory

Traditional beliefs Church view of universe from 200 AD on was geocentric earth -center of universe - sinful, heavy, unique, special Heaven is around earth, –planets and sun - perfect –things earth in perfect circles

Copernicus Polish astronomer Studied Aristarchus and thought he was right Wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, published in supported HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

COPERNICUS Also said the earth rotated on its axis - was not stationary Earth revolved around the sun in perfect circles

Tycho Brahe Danish astronomer built observatory recorded what he saw

Johannes Kepler Brahe’s assistant used his records to prove Copernicus’ theory said planets revolve around the sun in ellipses used mathematics to prove it

Galileo Galilei Gave visual proof to Copernicus’ theory used telescope (popularized its use) –showed not all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth –moon had rough, broken surface, jagged mountains –sun had spots

Galileo Put on trial and condemned by Church Forced to recant –“And yet it moves” Also developed –principle of the pendulum –law of motion - objects fall at the same speed –natural state of an object is motion

Ambrose Pare French physician developed ointment to apply to wounds to prevent infections developed stitches

Anton von Leeuwenhoek Dutch cloth merchant developed microscope

Andreas Vesalius Studied human anatomy wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body

William Harvey English physician said blood circulated through the body heart pumps it

Farenheit –German physicist, created the first mercury thermometer,32 - freezing Celcius –Swedish astronomer, created a scalee for mercury thermometer, 0 - freezing Torricelli –developed the first mercury barometer