WELCOME Winter maybe

Johann Gutenberg invented a “printing press” – or, the technique of printing from movable blocks of type letters. Gutenberg was a 15th-century German craftsman, inventor, and printer. Copying now became mechanized and much faster. The invention of movable-type printing helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

Renaissance Ideas Spread to Northern Europe; Text, p. 427; Packet p. 18 The Gutenberg Bible – one of only 5 existing copies, purchased by the University of Texas Harry Ransom Center museum in It is said that other great historical events such as the Protestant Reformation of the 1500s, the Scientific Age of Enlightenment of the 1600s, and the French Revolution in the 1700s would likely have not been such transforming forces had it not been for the invention of the printing press. Explain why historians would make such an assertion.

Printing Press Exercise We are going to experience what it was like to be a human printing press. You will copy something that I copied the best you can. When I say BREAK, you must raise your pencil/pen in the air and hold it there until I say CONTINUE – this represents dipping your pen in ink. Copy the manuscript the best you can, as accurately as you can. First person done who follows the rules will receive a prize.

Cultural Revolution The Renaissance “Rebirth” had swept across Europe changing views and belief systems. Things that helped spread the Reformation: Gutenberg’s Printing Press Increased Trade & Money New Technology for Boats, further sailing

Humanism Humanism, people stopped focusing in on church matters and started focusing in on human potential and secular (Non-religious) issues.

Martin Luther - Reformation A Catholic Monk/Professor Wrote the 95 Theses – complaints against the Catholic Church and indulgences. Believed Individuals attain salvation for themselves The Bible is the Ultimate Truth, no the Church All people were Equal in faith Teachings led to the Protestant Reformation

Catholicism v. Lutheranism Catholicism Salvation is achieved through faith and good works Lead by the Pope Bible is one source of truth; Church tradition is another Priests interpret the Bible and Church teachings for the people. Lutheranism Salvation is achieved through faith Lead by Elected Councils Bible alone is source of truth. People read and interpret Bible for themselves

Lutheranism v. Calvinism Lutheranism Salvation is achieved through faith Lead by Elected Councils Bible alone is source of truth. People read and interpret Bible for themselves Calvinism God alone predetermines who will be saved Lead by Council of elders Bible alone is source of truth People read and interpret the Bible for themselves.

Henry the 8 th - Story Church: Leader: Reason for creation:

Counter Reformation After the Reformation, the Catholic church identified and addressed it’s faults. This is known as the Counter- Reformation. Council of Trent – Meeting of the Catholic Church to reform Catholicism in order to fight against growing Protestantism.

Persecuting Jews Early Renaissance was a time of prosperity for Jews. Later on pressure grew and some places, such as Venice, ordered Jews to live in a separate quarter of the city called the ghetto. During the Reformation pressure grew for Jews to convert to Christianity. Luther ordered all Jews expelled from Christian lands and their synagogues burned to the ground. Many Jews migrated to the Mediterranean parts of the Ottoman Empire and the Netherlands.

Book, Page 61-65, Answer: 1) Why did the sale of indulgences become a critical issue during the Renaissance but not during the Middle Ages? 2) How did Luther’s ideas differ from those expressed by the Catholic Church? 3) Who did Luther support in the Peasants’ Revolt? Why did he do this?

Evaluate the causes of the Reformation and describe its effects on the Catholic Church. (Discuss the causes of the Reformation and evaluate their quality, worth, or significance in terms of causing the Reformation. Describe the effects of the Reformation on the Catholic Church.) (500 words)

Exit Slip 1) What does Renaissance mean? 2) What did Martin Luther Believe about Christianity? 3) Describe what happened during the Counter Reformation? 4) Why was the printing press important?