Warm-up What document was created to limit the kings powers? In their kingdom, who were kings constantly battling for power with? Think about qualities you decided a good leader should possess, which qualities transfer over to qualities a good king should possess?

Age of Absolutism 1600-1700s

Absolutism Absolutist Policies A King with total power. They possessed control over all aspects of society Absolutist Policies policies made without the consent of the governed, and are designed to maintain or centralize their power and strengthen the power of the king Rule by this idea of Divine Right- the idea that god created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.

What might have caused this era of very powerful kings?

Young Louis XIV short- 5’5” wore high heeled Personal Qualities 22 years old short- 5’5” wore high heeled shoes to increase height to seem more powerful

absolutist policies: weakens authority of nobles by excluding them from council (meetings) gives jobs to intendants – poorer government agents that depend on his money that will remain loyal (jobs like collecting taxes) Ended religious freedom –Protestants had to flee to other countries Heavy taxes w/o approval Wars to expand empire and increase wealth- goal was to make France self-sufficient large army to symbolize strength and put down internal and external opponents Encouraged people to migrate to Canada. Why? propoganda – patron of arts to glorify himself - preaches divine right - right to rule from God

“L’etat, c’est moi” “I am the state.” King Louis XIV – the “Sun King” Source of all political authority in France

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Living Quarters Versailles

Palais de Versailles

Palais de Versailles 5,000 acres of gardens, lawns and woods

The Orangery ….1,000 orange trees planted b/c Louis loved oranges

Hall of Mirrors

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis and the Arts Versailles was the center of the arts during Louis’s reign He made ballet and opera more popular He even danced the title role in the ballet “The Sun King” No longer was the purpose of art to glorify God (middle ages), or human potential(Renaissance) but it was to glorify who….

In the early days of Versailles, fountain guards were ordered to whistle when Louis XIV approached, so that the fountains could be fully turned on. A hat and a sword could be bought at the front gate in order to be properly dressed to visit the Grand Apartment. Monks were not allowed in.

Thefts were frequent at Versailles, despite the guards and staff Thefts were frequent at Versailles, despite the guards and staff. Once during the king's levee the royal doctor had his watch stolen. A secret passage ran from the queen's private cabinets to those of the king. It enabled Marie-Antoinette to escape revolutionary rioters in October 1789.

Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Personal Qualities tall 6’5” imposing stature European dress like France He had the mind of a genius, The body of a giant, and the Ferocious temper of a bear.

Absolutist Policies

Forced Westernization Forced Russian nobility to adopt western customs Western European clothing (short coats)— no caftan no beards – or taxed women ordered to attend parties

Absolutist policies Peter took control of Orthodox Church (doesn’t want to compete with church) Lessened power of nobles by giving government jobs to poor that would be loyal to him b/c depend on him for money Built large army to symbolize his power Heavy taxes w/o consent of anyone

Russian Boyars

Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

Peterhof “Russian Versailles” Living Quarters: Peterhof “Russian Versailles”

French-style interior

Who has all of the authority in an “Absolute Monarchy”? Good afternoon! Do the following IN ORDER! Sit down Be quiet Take out your notes from yesterday AND a piece of paper AND something to write with. Answer the following warm up questions…just ANSWERS!!!! What is “Divine Right”? Who has all of the authority in an “Absolute Monarchy”? Who was the absolute monarch in France? List one of his absolutist policies Who was the absolute monarch in Russia?

In Japan… Civil War shattered Japan’s old feudal system The country collapsed into chaos Power shifted from the Shogun to territorial lords Shogun- Military leader Samurai= Knights Daimyo= Lords Emperor becomes a figure head with no actual power

Oda Nobunaga Personal Qualities Brutal and ambitious daimyo (lord) Comes in and defeats rivals and seizes the capital of Kyoto “Rule the empire by force” Not able to unify Japan, but kills many rival daimyo for control of Edo He committed suppuku, the ritual suicide of a Samurai

Tokugawa Ieyasu Loyal to friends, not well liked by most Personal Qualities Loyal to friends, not well liked by most Feared and respected

Absolutist Policies of Tokugawa Unifies Japan Moves Capital to Edo Expanded territory and gained ¼ of all rice producing territory which made him rich Alternate Attendance Policy - Daimyo forced to live in capital Edo for part of year, and when left he had to leave his family behind as hostage. forced daimyo into labor Wanted to keep daimyo disorganized and weak

largest donjon (tower) in Japan Edo Castle largest donjon (tower) in Japan Daimyo were forced to help pay for this project All surrounding hills were leveled and the bay was filled in! Daimyo sent 3,000 ships for years to get enough large stone for Ieyasu

Persecution Ieyasu traded with Europeans, part of that included having Christian missionaries come over and spread Christianity Christians scorned native Japanese beliefs He bans Christianity and focuses on ridding the country of Christians He persecutes Christians

Isolationism Probably one of the most influential policies Tokugawa Ieyasu issued was Isolationism They sealed the borders and instituted a “closed country policy”

ConclusionSimilarities All rise to power after years of warfare (better to have strict dictator than chaos and war) Built strong armies All raise heavy taxes Expanded territory Created a strong centralized power Brought nobility under control Drew advisors from middle class Encouraged better manufacturing and trade Brought church under gov’t control Did not allow religious toleration