Respiration

All organisms need energy

Why do we need energy? To Grow To Move To Reproduce ETC.

Respiration provides energy from food

The energy carrier of all cells ATP

ATP PRODUCTION

Intermediate Electron Carriers: Nads and fads NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD + H  NADH FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD + 2H  FADH2

Oxygen might be needed Or Not! Aerobic respiration requires oxygen Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen Or Not!

Anaerobic Respiration No oxygen is needed. Some small organisms do this. Other cells that do this include human muscle cells during times of low oxygen. Fermentation often follows. Glycolysis occurs in all cells. Provides only a little energy – 2 ATP net gain.

GLYCOLYSIS RELEASES NEEDS 2adp + 2p 2 ATP 2 PYRUVATE 1 GLUCOSE 2 NADh

Glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm of all cells. Breaks down glucose incompletely. Provides the cell with a net gain of only 2 ATP. Is often followed by fermentation.

anAerobic Respiration (Glycolysis) can be followed by Fermentation Muscle cells – further break down pyruvate into lactic acid – but this doesn’t provide any additional ATP. Lactic acid is toxic and causes muscle aches. When the physical exertion ends (you collapse), your body will clear itself of the toxins.

Yeast carry out Alcoholic Fermentation After glycolysis, yeast further breaks down pyruvate to CO2 and alcohol. The CO2 bubbles off (making bread rise and bubbles in drinks). The alcohol is given off by the yeast as a waste.

Aerobic Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Aerobic Respiration has three major steps 1  2  3  34-36 ATP

The Krebs Cycle Needs RELEASES 2 FAD 6 NAD Pyruvate 2ADP + 2P 2 FADH2 6 NADH CO2 2ATP

Electron Transport chain (ETc) Occurs on the cristae of the mitochondrion

The Electron Transport chain Needs 2 FADH2 10 NADH O2 ADP + P Releases FAD NAD H2O Up to 34 ATP

Final ATP Tally 36-38 Stage 2 6 10 32-34 -2  NADH FADH2 ATP Yield Glycolysis 2 Pyruvic acid conversion Krebs cycle 6 ETC 10 32-34 Loss due to active transport -2 Total ATP  36-38

Respiration provides Energy from food so we can:

The end