Double Jeopardy

International Diabetes Federation Diabetes State of raised blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) associated with premature mortality Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin (type 1) Body cannot effectively make use of insulin produced (type 2)

International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Complications Retinopathy Nephropathy Neuropathy Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

International Diabetes Federation What Causes CVD? Damage to blood vessels caused by: Atherosclerosis High blood pressure

The CVD Triad

CVD Risk Factors

International Diabetes Federation Diabetes: A Major CVD Risk Factor Diabetes ranks alongside smoking, hypertension and cholesterol disorders as a major CVD risk factor

International Diabetes Federation Other CVD Risk Factors in Diabetes A higher prevalence (eg hypertension, obesity, high blood fat levels) A stronger impact (eg age, gender)

International Diabetes Federation Role of Hyperglycaemia Any increase in glucose levels above normal is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease High glucose levels constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in both people with and without diabetes

International Diabetes Federation Multiple Risk Factors Many people with diabetes have multiple risk factors For each risk factor present, the risk of CVD death is about three times greater in people with diabetes

International Diabetes Federation People with diabetes merit an intervention against all risk factors which is as aggressive as that which would normally be applied to people with established CVD