Week 2-1: Human Information Processing

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Presentation transcript:

Week 2-1: Human Information Processing This module will provide you with a general overview of the needs assessment process. Later modules will provide more detail on the steps involved.

Week 2 Topics Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Human Information Processing Communicating Conceptual Models through Design

A Model of Human Information Processing

what is proprioception? Sensory Processing For human factors, the primary emphasis is on the visual, auditory, and proprioceptive senses of the body, although some olfactory displays do exist (e.g., additives to natural gas that allow us to detect leaks) what is proprioception? Perception of body states e.g., need to urinate, stomach ache also includes kinesthetic sense -- limb position can refer to knowledge of your body’s orientation in space – the direction of gravity Characteristics of the senses apply important constraints on human performance

A Model of Human Information Processing

Short Term Sensory Store (STSS) Each sense has a mechanism for prolonging the representation of the physical stimulus for a short period Characteristics of the STSS pre-attentive: information is stored whether you attend it or not veridical: does not change or process the stimulus appreciably decays rapidly Examples vision: iconic memory (duration 200-300 ms) audition: echoic memory (duration 2-8 s)

A Model of Human Information Processing

Perceptual Encoding and Attention Incoming sensory information is interpreted in the context of previous experience (information in long-term memory) Top-down and bottom-up processing Top-down: contribution of previous experience Bottom-up: contribution of incoming data

A Model of Human Information Processing

Perceptual Encoding and Attention Perceptual encoding is limited by attention Attention selection of information for further processing “attentional searchlight” pool of resources - limitation to the number of stimuli or tasks one can attend attention limits also apply to decision making and response execution stages

Perceptual Encoding Levels of Complexity simple detection (stimulus present or absent) recognition, identification categorization vs. analog judgments unidimensional vs. multidimensional judgments unidimensional: absolute judgment multidimensional: pattern recognition

A Model of Human Information Processing

Decision Making Once a stimulus is perceived, we must decide what response to make Automatic vs. controlled decisions automatic: quick no attention needed learned reflexes long-term memory procedure executes automatically in response to the stimulus controlled: slow attention required, typically conscious of thoughts interaction with working and long-term memory systems may involve rehearsal (to store new information) weighing of costs and benefits

A Model of Human Information Processing

Response Execution and Feedback Once the decision has been reached to execute a particular response the complex motor movements of the response must be executed Typically, we monitor the consequences of our actions, producing closed-loop feedback Model is circular rather than linear

A Model of Human Information Processing

Finis Thanks for Listening