You will need to understand all of the concepts presented.

Why should you pass this the first time around?  Because remediation is worse than this…

2 types of cells…  Prokaryotes Eukaryotes  -no nucleus- have a nucleus  No membrane -have membrane Bound organelles organelles BACTERIA ONLY Everything other than bacteria

What do they have in common?  Plasma membrane (cell membrane)  Cytoplasm  DNA – genetic material  Ribosomes- make protein

What do alveoli do for the lungs?

States of matter for water  Most dense – liquid (water)  Middle density – ice (solid)  Least dense- water vapor (gas)

In a Lake….

Carbon

Hydrolysis- adding water to split

Dehydration Synthesis- removing water to connect

Enzymes!  They are proteins  They speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions  They are not consumed or affected in the reaction  They have an active site where the substrate bonds

What affects the rate of enzyme activity?  Temperature  Higher temps speed up reactions  Lower temps slow down reactions  pH  Each enzyme has a specific pH at which is operates best.

pH- Scale

Chloroplast  A green organelle found within plant cells  Site of photosynthesis – converting light energy into chemical energy

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Energy - ATP!!

Transport- passive  Movement of molecules through a cell membrane.  Without using energy- they will move from high concentration to low  Thus they are moving WITH the concentration gradient.

Transport- Active  Movement across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration.  Requires ATP (energy)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Organelle within eukaryotic cells.  Has ribosomes attached that make proteins for the cell.

Golgi Apparatus  An organelle in eukaryotic cells  Packages and processes cellular products

What is homeostasis?  Processes an organism uses to regulate its internal environment.  Example- when you are hot you sweat, when you are cold you shiver.

Mitosis  Division of the nucleus of a body (somatic) cell  Cloning of the cell- NO change to the DNA  One division

Meiosis  Division of the nucleus of sex cells  Creates sperm and egg  Genetic variation arises through this process  There are 2 divisions in meiosis  You start with one cell and end up with 4

 Draw a punnet square 21. Punnet Squares

 Deletion: genes are completely deleted  Insertion: Genes are added  Inversion: Flipping of genes  Translocation: Genes move from one chromosome to the next 22. Chromosome Variation

23. Pro vs. Eu  Prokaryotes Eukaryotes  no nucleus- have a nucleus  No membrane -have membrane Bound organelles organelles BACTERIA ONLY Everything other than bacteria

 The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretory proteins  Go through and cross off incorrect answers. 24. Endoplasmic Reticulum

25. DNA and Phenotypes

 Cross out incorrect answers  Genetic variation and diversity good  Unplanned ecosystem interactions is the answer 26. Genetics

 Natural Selection  Mechanism of Evolution  Organisms with “bad” genes won’t make it to reproduction age while organisms with “good” genes will reproduce more  Cross off incorrect answers 27. Natural Selection

DNA