Leadership Behavior and Motivation Chapter 3 Leadership Behavior and Motivation Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Developing Positive Attitude What is ethic Ethical Leadership Summary of Lecture #4 Pygmalion Effect Developing Positive Attitude What is ethic Ethical Leadership Stakeholder theory of Ethics Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Learning Outcomes University of Iowa leadership styles University of Michigan University leadership models Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid Three content motivation theories Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Leadership Style The combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers. Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

University of Iowa Leadership Styles Autocratic Democratic Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

University of Michigan Leadership Styles Job centered Leadership style Employee Centered Leadership Style Somewhere in middle Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

The Ohio State University Leadership Model High Low Structure High Structure and and High Consideration High Consideration Low Consideration Low Consideration Initiating Structure Low High consideration Low Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

In Your Opinion which is the best Leadership Style? The one which works for the individual leader in a specific time and in a specific environment Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Which leadership style do workers think is best? No one is best in all circumstances and situations but generally followers like consideration style Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Blake, Mouton, & McCanse Leadership Grid High P E O L CONCERN 1,9 Country Club 9,9 Team Leader 5,5 Middle of the Road Impoverished Authority-Compliance 1,1 9,1 Low 1 CONCERN for PRODUCTION 9 Low High Source: Adapted from Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton, The Managerial Grid III (Houston: Gulf, 1985); and Robert R. Blake and Anna Adams McCase, Leadership Dilemmas-Grid Solutions (Houston: Gulf, 1991), 29.

Anything that affects behavior in pursuit Motivation What is Motivation? Anything that affects behavior in pursuit of a certain outcome Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Motivation Process Motivation Need Motive Behavior Satisfaction Feedback Satisfaction or dissatisfaction Consequence Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Motivation Theories Classification of Motivation Theories Motivation Theory 1.Content motivation theories a. Hierarchy of needs theory b. Two-factor theory c. Acquired needs theory 2.Process motivation theories a. Equity theory b. Expectancy theory c. Goal-setting theory 3.Reinforcement theory Type of Reinforcement a. Positive b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Punishment Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Content Motivation Theories Attempt to explain and predict behavior based on people’s needs Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

1: Hierarchy of Needs Theory “Proposes that people are motivated through levels of needs which begin from a basic life sustaining needs and progress to life/work satisfaction and self actualization needs” Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory Self Actualization Needs Seeks growth, achievement and career development, personal development Recognition, feeling of self confidence, and prestige Esteem Needs People look for friends, love, acceptance and affection Social Needs Safety and security Safety Needs Physiological Needs Basic needs like food, clean water, education, shelter Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

What Organizations Should do? Physiological Needs Salary, breaks, and working conditions Safety Needs Safe working conditions, salary increase, job security, fringe benefits Social Needs opportunity to interact with others, to have friends, activities like parties, events, trips and sports Esteem Needs Titles, independence, autonomy, merit based increase, recognition, challenging tasks, participation in decision making, career growth opportunity Self Actualization Needs employment development, promotion, have more control, chance to be creative Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation Motivator Factors Intrinsic (esteem and self actualization needs, growth needs, work itself, recognition, increased responsibility, growth, advancement) Satisfied or not satisfied Maintenance (Hygiene) Factors Extrinsic (physiological, safety, and social needs, existence and relatedness needs, pay, benefits, job security, working condition, company policy Dissatisfied or not dissatisfied Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Acquired Needs Theory of Motivation? “Proposes that people are motivated by their needs for achievement, power, and affiliation” Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Process Motivation Theories Focus on how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs 1: Equity Theory 2: Expectancy Theory 3: Goal Setting Theory Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Discussion Question Question 1: How traits affect behavior? Question 2: Do you agree with University of Michigan model or with Ohio State model? Question 3: In Leadership grid which point is ideal? Question 4: What is motivation, and why is it important to know how to motivate employees? Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

Summary University of Iowa leadership styles University of Michigan University leadership models Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid Three Content motivation theories Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning