Chapter 22 On June 28, 1914, a member of a Bosnian nationalist organization assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, an act leading to a war that would transform Western society.

On the Path to Total War Rivalries and Alliances –The Alliance System –Military Buildup Crises in the Balkans –Germany’s Blank Check –Mobilization

Chapter 22 Initial patriotic outbursts and national unity were soon dulled by the destructive nature of new weapons and fighting styles that created a bloody deadlock on the battlefield.

The Front Lines Off to Battle –Celebrating War –The Central Powers Versus the Allies The Schlieffen Plan Slaughter and Stalemate on the Western Front –Trench Warfare –Great Battles of 1916 –Weapons of War

The Front Lines Victory and Defeat on the Eastern and Southern Fronts –Russia’s Military Collapse –Southern Fronts The War Spreads Across the Globe

Chapter 22 World War I became the first total war as all sectors of domestic society were mobilized to support the military effort, in the process transforming entire economies, societies, and governments. –Total War

War on the Home Front Mobilizing Resources –Governments Take Control New Gender Roles Maintaining the Effort –Propaganda –Rising Dissent

Chapter 22 The German military made a desperate effort to defeat Britain and France before America could send enough aid to make a difference in the war, but the destruction and death continued right up until the final, bitter days of fighting. The U.S. Enters the War Final Battles

Chapter 22 For all countries, the cost of the war in human lives was immense, and financial and material losses offered continuing hardships during the recovery period.

Chapter 22 The Treaty signed at Versailles, a compromise between a “hard” peace and a “just” peace, created new countries and left many resentments as hopes went unrealized.

The Peace Settlement Gathering at Versailles A Victors’ Peace –Wilson’s Fourteen Points Redrawing the Map of Europe –The League of Nations Legacy of the Peace Treaty

Chapter 22 Devastated by World War I and weakened by the tsar’s refusal to enact real reform, the Russian empire was toppled by revolution in The First Warnings: 1905

Revolutions in Russia The Fall of the Tsar –The March Revolution The Provisional Government –The Soviets –Kerensky Leads The Rise of the Bolsheviks –Lenin’s Principles –Russia’s July Days –The November Revolution Communism and Civil War

Chapter 23 The Realities of the immediate post-war period negated the feeling of liberation that victory had inspired and brought economic crisis and anxiety to the West. –Economic Uncertainty

Trying to Recover From the Great War, The Victors Just Hold On –Defensive France –Britain and its Empire –The U.S. Turns Inward Continuing Crises in Germany –The Weimer Republic –Wild Inflation Conciliation and a Glimpse of Prosperity –The Dawes Plan –Uneasy Prosperity

Trying to Recover From the Great War, The Roaring Twenties? –The Radio and Movies –The Bauhaus School –New Attitudes Toward Sex The Anxious Twenties –Sense of Decay and Crises

Chapter 23 Mounting economic problems and a lack of governing experience on the part of new democracies contributed to the rise of authoritarianism.

Turning Away From Democracy: Dictatorships and Fascism, Authoritarianism in East-Central Europe The Rise of Fascism in Italy –Fascist Doctrine –Turmoil in Italy –Mussolini Takes Power –The Appeal of Fascism –The Fascist System

Chapter 23 After winning the civil war, Soviet leaders still faced the task of building a socialist society and industrializing the country.

Transforming the Soviet Union: Lenin’s Compromise: The NEP The Struggle to Succeed Lenin –Joseph Stalin Stalin’s Five-Year Plans –Collectivization –Mobilizing for Industrialization Blood and Terror: The Great Purges

Chapter 23 The economic crash in the West pulled much of the world into a severe economic depression. Crash! –Causes of the Economic Collapse –Effects in Non-Western Lands In the Teeth of the Depression Searching for Solutions

Chapter 23 As depression hit, the Nazi Party led by Hitler rose to power in Germany. The Young Adolf Hitler The Birth of Nazism in Germany’s Post-War Years –Nazi Doctrine The Growth of the Nazi Party

Nazism in Germany The Appeal of Nazism Hitler Takes Power Life in Nazi Germany –Family and Private Life –Nazi Youth Organizations –Promoting Nazism and Hitler –Nazi Repression and Persecution Rebuilding and Rearming the New Germany

Chapter 23 A series of international crises and German aggression, left unstopped by a West attempting to address domestic divisions and problems, led the world toward a second conflict.

The Road to War, International Affairs Break Down –Japan on the March –Italy Invades Ethiopia Civil War in Spain Trying to Cope with Germany –Appeasement at Munich –Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

Chapter 23 In September 1939, post-war tensions became too great and exploded in a second war which surpassed the first in terms of civilian suffering and devastating weaponry.

World War II, Triumph of the German Blitzkrieg –The Battle of France –The Battle of Britain War in North Africa and the Balkans Operation Barbarossa: Germany Invades the Soviet Union Japan Attacks –The U.S. Enters the War

World War II, Behind the Lines: The Struggle and the Horror –Hitler’s “New Order” –The Holocaust –Life and Death in the Camps –Collaboration and Resistance –Mobilizing the Home Fronts

World War II Turning the Tide of War –The Eastern Front and the Battle of Stalingrad –The Mediterranean –The Western Front and the D-Day Invasion –Germany Defeated –The War in the Pacific –The Atomic Bomb

Chapter 24 The end of the war brought a division of the world into two camps-socialist and capitalist-with Western Europe oriented toward the United States and Eastern Europe toward the Soviet Union, although tension between the two infected the entire international arena.

From Peace to Cold War –Europe in Shambles The Settlement –Discord Over Eastern Europe Origins of the Cold War –The Berlin Blockade and Division of Germany –The Cold War Spreads –Cold War Weapons

From Peace to Cold War The Global Impact of the Cold War –The Cold War in Asia –The Korean War –The Vietnam War –China’s “Great Leap Forward” –Mao’s Cultural Revolution –The Chinese-Soviet Split –Soviets in Afghanistan –The Cold War in Latin America –Crisis in Cuba Detente

Chapter 24 Cold War differences were reflected in two main courses of recovery: in Eastern Europe, economic planning under the direction of the Communist party, and in Western Europe, a free market with governmental controls.

East and West: Two Paths to Recovery in Europe Tight Control in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe –The Death of Stalin and New Opportunities –Protests and Uprisings in Eastern Europe –The Berlin Wall –The Prague Spring Parliamentary Politics and Prosperity in the Western Democracies –U.S. Aid and Economic Recovery –The Welfare State –Beginning European Economic Integration

East and West: Two Paths to Recovery in Europe The Paths Taken –The Eastern-Bloc Nations –Western Europe National liberation movements weakened Europe’s colonial control in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

The Twilight of Colonialism Revolts in Southern Asia –India –Indonesia –Vietnam Conflict in the Middle East –Palestine –Israel Founded –Egypt

The Twilight of Colonialism Liberating Africa –The French in North Africa –Britain Dismantle its Empire –Rhodesia and South Africa –The Legacy of Colonialism

Chapter 24 As People attempted to understand their lives and culture during this period of profound political change, a sense that all truth was relative to the individual, to time, and to place emerged.

A Sense of Relativity in Thought and Culture Existentialism: Responsibility and Despair –Sartre and Camus –Theater of the Absurd A Culture of Contrasts and Criticism –Cinema –Art –Literature and Music –Americanization

Chapter 24 Social protest combined with changing economic indicators to redefine domestic politics and society. A Flurry of social Protests and Movements –The Civil Rights Movement –Student Movements –The Women’s Liberation Movement

Protests, Problems, and New Politics: The 1960’s to the 1980’s Stagnant Growth and Rising Inflation –The Oil Crisis –Growing Unemployment –Turning Against Immigrants The New Political Landscape –Turning to the Left –Turning to the Right –Terrorism

Chapter 24 In the West, traditional manufacturing industries were being replaced by financial, health, educational, informational, and consumer services, which produced a number of economic, social, and cultural transformations.

Postindustrial Society Changing Fortunes in the Postindustrial Society –Growing Unemployment The Baby Boom and the Booming Cities The Shifting Foundations of Family and Private Life –Growing Concern for Private Satisfactions The “Sexual Revolution” and the Youth Culture

Breakthroughs In Science “Big science,” made possible by links between government, industry, and universities, achieved stunning technological and medical breakthroughs in the post-war decades. –The Rise of Big Science From the Universe Above to the Universe Within The Information Revolution Transforming Medicine