20 th Century Revolutions Mexico, Russia, China, and Cuba

Compare and contrast 20 th century revolutions to 18 th /19 th century revolutions Not based on Enlightenment ideas but rather socialism and communism. Not based on Enlightenment ideas but rather socialism and communism. The end result was NOT democracy for all but rather improvements to society. The end result was NOT democracy for all but rather improvements to society. Leaders were still mostly “intellectuals” Leaders were still mostly “intellectuals” Geared less to the middle class and more to the peasants and proletariat. Geared less to the middle class and more to the peasants and proletariat. Revolutions tend to be more violent, repressive, and use a great deal of technology. Revolutions tend to be more violent, repressive, and use a great deal of technology.

Mexican Revolution Date: Date: Leaders: Madero, Pancho Villa, Zapata, Carranza Leaders: Madero, Pancho Villa, Zapata, Carranza Philosophy: Socialism (land reform) Philosophy: Socialism (land reform) Reasons for revolt: Reasons for revolt: –Unequal land distribution –Powerful church –Workers’ rights

“It is better to die on my feet than continue living on my knees” –Emiliano Zapata Francisco “Pancho” Villa Emiliano Zapata

Mexican Revolution Effects: Effects: –Political: PRI, dictator (one party rule), and stability –Social: Equality for men, limited legal rights for women, state controls church. –Economic: Land reform and workers rights

Russia Date: 1917 Date: 1917 Leaders: Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky, and Stalin Leaders: Lenin, Trotsky, Kerensky, and Stalin Philosophy: Communism (more emphasis on the proletariat) Philosophy: Communism (more emphasis on the proletariat) Reasons for revolt: Reasons for revolt: –Military defeats –Land reform for peasants –Oppressive Czar –Workers rights

“One man with a gun can control 100 without one. ” -Vladimir Lenin Josef Stalin and Valdimir Lenin Czar Nicholas II, Czarina Alexandria, Czarevich Alexi, Tatiana, Olga, Marie, and Anastasia

Rasputin

Russia Effects: Effects: –Political: Civil war and left WWI –Social: Workers and peasants gain power. –Economic: Command economy, no private property, and industrialization.

China Date: 1949 (although the May Fourth Movement in 1919 began the anti-western feelings when demonstrations were held against the Treaty of Versailles and foreigners) Date: 1949 (although the May Fourth Movement in 1919 began the anti-western feelings when demonstrations were held against the Treaty of Versailles and foreigners) Leader: Mao Zedong (Communist) vs. Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist) Leader: Mao Zedong (Communist) vs. Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist) Philosophy: Communism Philosophy: Communism Reasons for revolt: Communist ideology, peasant revolt, and land reform Reasons for revolt: Communist ideology, peasant revolt, and land reform

“Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.” -Mao Zedong Mao Zedong (Chairman Mao) Chiang Kai-shek

China Effects: Effects: –Political: Dictatorship and the defeat of the nationalists. –Social: “Equality” of classes. –Economic: Collective farms. –The Communist were forced to make the Long March (6,000 miles) to evade nationalist troops –The Chinese civil war was suspended when the Japanese invaded in 1937.

Cuba Date: 1959 Date: 1959 Leader: Fidel Castro Leader: Fidel Castro Philosophy: Communism Philosophy: Communism Reason for revolt: Resentment over the dictatorship of Batista. Reason for revolt: Resentment over the dictatorship of Batista.

“A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past.” -Fidel Castro Batista Fidel Castro

Cuba Effects: Effects: –Political: Harsh dictatorship –Social: Literacy, healthcare, and limited press –Economic: The economy improves temporarily.