Scorpions AnIMal Toxins.

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Presentation transcript:

Scorpions AnIMal Toxins

Scientific classification Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda Subphylum:Chelicerata Class:Arachnida Subclass:Dromopoda Order: Scorpiones

Characteristics of scorpions They have eight legs Are easily recognized by the pair of grasping claws narrow, segmented tail with a venomous stinger Scorpions range in size from 9 mm (Typhlochactas mitchelli) to 21 cm (Hadogenes troglodytes).

Scorpion anatomy 1 = Cephalothorax or Prosoma; 2 = Abdomen or Mesosoma; 3 = Tail or Metasoma; 4 = Claws or Pedipalps 5 = Legs; 6 = Mouth parts or Chelicerae; 7 = pincers or Chelae; 8 = Moveable claw or Tarsus; 9 = Fixed claw or Manus; 10 = Sting or Telson; 11 = Anus.

5 most poisonous scorpions of the world Fat Tailed Scorpions Scientific name: Androctonus crassicauda Family: Buthidae Genus: Androctunus Toxin:

5 most poisonous scorpions of the world DeathStalker Scorpion Scientific name: Leiurus quinquestriatus Family:Buthidae Genus:Leiurus Species:L. quinquestriatus Toxin:Chlorotoxin

5 most poisonous scorpions of the world Gormar Scorpion Scientific name: Pandinus Cavimanus Family: Genus:

5 most poisonous scorpions of the world Red Claw Scorpion Scientific name: Pandinus cavimanus Family: Scorpionidae Genus: Pandinus Species : P. cavimanus

5 most poisonous scorpions of the world Emperor Scorpion Scientific name: Pandinus imperator Family:Scorpionidae Genus:Pandinus Species:P. imperator Toxin: imperatoxin

Transvaal thick-tailed scorpion or dark scorpion Family:Buthidae Genus:Parabuthus Species:P. transvaalicus Toxin: birtoxin

Chlorotoxin (CTX) 36 Amino Acid Residue Inhibits conductance of chloride channels by blocking Ca++ activated chloride channels in the Central Nervous System.

Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka Chloride channel protein ClC-Kb Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 Chloride intracellular channel protein 2 Chloride intracellular channel protein 3 Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 Chloride intracellular channel protein 5 Chloride intracellular channel protein 6 Chloride channel protein, skeletal muscle Chloride channel protein 2 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 Chloride transport protein 6 Chloride channel protein 7 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4

Chlorotoxin

Birtoxin 58 amino acid residues Changes sodium channel activation

Birtoxin

scorpio maurus Scientific name: S. maurus palmatus Family:Scorpionidae Genus:Scorpio Species:S. maurus Toxin: maurotoxin

Maurotoxin 34 amino acid residue Acts by blocking several types of voltage-gated potassium channel.

Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3

Maurotoxin

Symptoms of poisoning Fever excessive salivation involuntary tearing nausea or vomiting confusion coma convulsions increased or decreased heart rate, body temperature disregulation, and pulmonary edema (wet lungs)

First aid If you are stung by any scorpion, including the venomous Arizona Bark Scorpion, here are some immediate actions you should take: 1. Wash the area with soap and water. 2.Apply a cool compress on the area of the scorpion sting. Ice (wrapped in a washcloth or other suitable covering) may be applied to the sting location for ten minutes. Remove compress for ten minutes and repeat as necessary. 3. If stung on a limb (arm or leg) elevate the limb to heart level. 4. Keep your tetanus shots and boosters current.

references http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorotoxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabuthus_transvaalicus http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/poison/scorpions/overview.html