Reducing Emissions From Diesel Engines Robert Cross Chief, Mobile Source Control Division California Environmental Protection Agency AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Outline u About Diesel Exhaust u California’s Diesel Control Plan u New Engine Standards u Retrofit Programs u Conclusions

Diesel Exhaust is Unhealthy u NOx u Precursor to ozone - a lung irritant u Precursor to PM2.5 - lung disease, mortality u Diesel PM = toxic air contaminant (TAC) u Identified as toxic in August 1998 u Contains 40+ substances identified as TACs u Carcinogenic in humans & animals u Non-cancer damage to lungs

Diesel: Cancer Risk Remains High

Diesel: Major Source of NOx Statewide in 2000

Off-Road Diesels Important Greater LA in 2010 Current regulations

Both Construction and Ag. Equipment are Important Los Angeles San Joaquin Valley NOx PM x10

CA’s Control Plan For Diesels u Comprehensive plan adopted 9/00 u Addresses NOx and PM u Driven by diesel identification as toxic u Near-zero emission limits: new engines u Cleaner fuel: 15 ppm S u Better in-use testing/enforcement u Retrofit existing diesel engines w/ filters

ARB’s Inter-Divisional Partnership For Risk Reduction  Mobile Source Control Division On- and off-road diesel emission standards Retrofit programs  Mobile Source Operations Division Fleet and roadside enforcement  Stationary Source Division TAC identification Fuel quality Stationary and agriculture ARB

98+% reduction Tighter On-Road Diesel Emission Standards ADOPTED: New Engines

Tighter Off-Road Diesel Emission Standards NEEDED: New Engines hp 97+% reduction ?

Diesel Particulate Filters Reduce Emissions

Diesel Particulate Filter Technology

NOx Aftertreatment Reduces Emissions Aftertreatment Device Percent NOx Reduction

NOx Adsorber Technology

Sulfur Removal Required Sulfur Content (ppm by weight) * Beginning July 1, 2002

Retrofit Programs Needed On-Highway HDD Fleet Mix Source: EMFAC2000, Statewide, GVWR=8,500+ lbs.

Diesel PM In-Use Retrofit Program u Achieves 80% of Plan’s Reductions (2010) u Retrofit every Diesel in California w/ filters u Feasibility u Exposure u Approaches u Regulation u Incentive funds u Voluntary action u Effectiveness u Minimum 85% PM reduction/vehicle u Get NOx reduction when feasible

Typical Retrofits Filter System

Implementation Filter Retrofits u Regulation u Urban transit buses u 4500 filter retrofits starting 2003 u New engines - filters required 2002 u Trash trucks u Regulation under development u Permit conditions u e.g., major construction projects

Implementation (cont.) u Incentive funding u School buses u $12.5 million. u ~2000 filter retrofits, beginning u NOx and PM Reductions u $100 million FY01/02. u Incremental cost of new, repower, retrofit paid. u Intended to create offsets for increased electrical generation.

Implementation (cont.) u Voluntary u City of Los Angeles u 1300 vehicles u Caltrans u Clean new purchases (e.g., LPG) u Retrofit filters (~600) u Need recognition for others u Labeling u Publicity

Demonstration Programs Support Implementation u BP ECD - (# vehicles with filters) u Ralph’s grocery trucks (10) u BP tanker trucks (10) u LA County MTA (4) u Hertz equipment rental (10) u LA City Sanitation (10) u People movers/local amusement park (10) u School busses San Diego (10) u School Buses LA (39) u Construction equipment (19)

Technical Support & Outreach u International Advisory Committee. u Certification of retrofit devices. u Testing and evaluation. u Partnership with local agencies. u Coordination with U.S. EPA’s program.

Plan will reduce: PM emissions Cancer risk Respiratory impact Other benefits include: Improved visibility Reduced soiling Benefits

For More Information u Diesel Risk Reduction Website u u Sign up to receive notices u Talk to a real person ( ), or u Annette Hebert - Manager, Heavy-Duty Diesel In- Use Strategies Branch u G. Scott Rowland - Manager, Retrofit Assessment Section u Nancy Steele, Ph.D. - Manager, Retrofit Implementation Section