Prehistoric Andean States Wilson Ch.-9 (Part 2) The Inca Machu Pichu

The Inca ( A.D and 1532) Ethnohistorical Background & Chronology 332 years – Early Inca (A.D ) founding the capital city of Cuzco by Manco Capac Viracocha Inca- Supreme title “Sapa Inca” – Late Inca (A.D ) Reign of Pachacuti in 1438 A.D. Topa Inca- set out to conquer (from Chile to Colombia) Died without naming successor- Civil War – Huascar (Cuzco) -Atahuallpa (Quito) Largest empire in the Americas lasted only 87 years. – Military and political control over 1,835,000 square kilometers

The Imperial Inca System Physical Environment Mode of Production – Agriculture & Pastoralism – Irrigation and terracing systems – Citizens must provide mit’a labor – aqllacuna Settlement Pattern – Cuzco population- 100,000 people by 1532 – Public heart of the city was the Huacaypata – Aqllahuasi & the “chosen women” – Tahuantinsuy- “land of the Four Quarters” – Road system & the quipus (decimally knotted strings) Mode of Reproduction – Total population: between 6 to 10 million people in 1,833,000 km 2

The Imperial Inca System Domestic Economy and Social Organization – Children naming ceremony: Rutuchico – Yachahuasi – Rites of passage of both genders Quicochico Huarochico – Age of marriage – Tribute in labor – Marriage tax – Endogamous marriages in groups called ayllu – Local leaders were called sinchi – Inca was a name for the original inhabitants of Cuzco – Inca married his own sister to keep the blood line 100% (or 50%) pure Inca royalty as direct descendants of Inti

The Imperial Inca System Political Economy – Origins of Inca state (A.D. 1438) – “split inheritance system” by Conrad – Inca would see conquered people as barbarians – Military campaigns divination ritual called calpa Administrator would follow the conquestincluding Quipucamayocs Religious imposition and standardized dress code

The Imperial Inca System Ritual and Leadership – Theocracy: Sapa Inca = Inti – Apu (governors) – Coya (Queen) duality – Capac Hucha rituals Ideology – Inca cosmology (fig.9.26) – Gender equality