Cell Structure & Function

Outcome addressed today!! 304-4illustrate and explain that the cell is a living system that exhibits all of the characteristic of life.

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. 1) Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 2) All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

WHAT IS AN ORGANISM? a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently An individual living system, such as animal, plant or micro-organism, that is capable of reproduction, growth and maintenance.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

PlantAnimal

“Typical” Animal Cell

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement of materials in and out of the cell Double layer

Cell Wall Found in plant cells & bacteria Supports cells (outer layer) Protects against water loss

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities Near the center of the cell Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

Chromosomes In nucleus Contain genetic information (characteristics) Made of DNA

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Holds all the organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials and messages around the cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

Ribosomes 803 Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on rough endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell

Mitochondria Produces energy (power house of the cell) Controls level of water and other materials in cell

Golgi Bodies 802 Protein 'packaging plant‘ and secretes (gets rid of waste) Move materials out of the cell

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Destorys bacteria and old cell parts

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage of water and waste Help plants maintain shape

Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Traps suns energy and makes food

Cell Parts and Functions Cilia Short hair-like projections Used for movement Location: outside of cell Flagella Long whip-like tail Used for movement Location: outside of cell

Plant vs. Animal Cell