The 1950’s Chapter 28

Conflicts of the Cold War The Eisenhower Edition Section 1

The Race is ON!!! ► Soviets freak out Americans ► Sputnik – worlds 1 st Artificial satellite in space ► Soviet ► Americans scared of its capabilities ► American Satellite failed – Vanguard ► Space Race – 1 st man in space ► Soviets – Yari Gagarin ► Project Mercury – 1 st American

Foreign Policy ► Sec. of state – John Foster Dulles  Eisenhower main advisor ► No more containment – attack if necessary  Rely on NUKES – many times more powerful than A-bomb ► Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – ► Fear of nuclear war

The Big Fear ► Why are people so scared of nuclear war? ► In the nuclear age, a minor crisis badly managed could lead to all out war

Crisis in the Middle East ► Arabs vs. Israel ► Egyptian President takes control of Suez Canal ► Fighting between Egypt and Israel ► UN stepped in

Crisis in Hungary ► Rebel revolt for new gov’t ► New gov’t ordered all Soviet troops out ► Soviet take over ► Eisenhower did not come in and help

Conflict in Southeast Asia ► Former French colony - Vietnam ► Communist leader Ho Chi Minh  Vietminh – rebel group ► Fighting broke out – French vs. Vietminh  No US help ► Country Split  North – Communist  South – French friendly

Conflict in Southeast Asia Cont.... ► Domino Theory – one country falls others will follow  Eisenhower ► US gives aide to South Vietnam

Troubles in Latin America ► CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) overthrew possible communist gov’t in Guatemala  Anti-American feelings in Lat. Am. ► Fidel Castro – rebel leader in Cuba  Supported by US  Turned out to be communist  US cuts all ties with Cuba

Cold War “Thaws” ► Joseph Stalin dies, replaced by Nikita Khrushchev ► Geneva Summit – a meeting of gov’t leaders  Discussed unifying Germany  Peaceful Coexistence – compete with each other but avoid war ► Friendship ended when US spy plane (U-2) was shot down over Russia

1950’s Prosperity Chapter 28 Section 2

Booming Economy ► Gov’t Spending  Housing, schools, welfare, roads, etc… ► More Technology=Higher Productivity ► Produce more goods with the same amount of labor ► Computers – fill whole rooms, IBM

Then and Now

Higher Incomes ► Standard of Living – peoples over all quality of life ► Per Capita Income – average individual income  $1,500 to $2,200 in 15 years ► Increased affluence - wealth

Baby Boom!!! ► Baby Boom – quick population increase  Population rises 20% (150 million to 179 mill.) ► Factors for Baby Boom  Money  No War  Better Health Care ► Stay at home moms ► School enrollment UP!!!

Medical Advancements ► Antibiotics and Vaccines  Dr. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine, totally wiped out polio

POLIO

Expanding Suburbs ► 85% of homes are being built in the suburbs – communities on the edge of big cities ► Mass produced housing ► Affordable, Safe, sense of belonging ► Mostly white

A Nation on Wheels ► Cars made suburban life possible  A necessity ► Interstate Highways ► “Car Culture”, Drive Ins, Drive Thrus

Air Travel ► Early 1950’s – Jet engine perfected ► The 1 st airline was replacing the railroad

Television ► 1940 – 17,000 TV’s in America, 1960 – 90% of all homes had a TV ► Entertainment, Information and Advertising ► TV dinners ► Influenced how people thought they should be living

1950s TV

Rock ‘N’ Roll ► Mixture of Blues, Country, Gospel and Jazz  Faster Paced, Electric Guitars ► Aimed at younger generation ► Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Elvis – “The King”, the Beatles ► Generation Gap – differing attitudes towards music

POSTER PROJECT ► Create a poster that advertises one of the new advancements in the 1950’s  Must include ► Picture ► Slogan ► 2 to 3 sentence description of why it will change your life (Bullet Points are OK) ► Must cover the entire page (full color) Computer – Air Travel – Car – Suburbs – Mass Produced Housing – Television – Refrigerator – Electric Stove – Vaccines - Toaster – Electric Guitar You can do an original one if approved by Mrs. Humphrey

Problems in Times of Plenty Chapter 28 Section 3

Rural Poverty ► Large crop surpluses ► Industrial farming  New machines replacing people ► Small farms forced out of business ► African American workers forced north ► HIGH demand for synthetic products  Not natural or produced in a lab

Urban Poverty ► “White Flight” – white people leaving cities ► Automation – producing goods with machines  Less workers needed ► Some parts of cities turned into ghettos  Large population of minorities

People Fight Back ► The “problem” of materialism – focus on getting money and other stuff ► “The Beats” – writers who spoke out against American society  Beatniks – followers of the beats ► Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique ► African Americans begin to fight for the that they deserve ► African Americans begin to fight for the CIVIL RIGHTS that they deserve

Writing Assignment The 1950’s was a decade of ups and downs. In two paragraphs please describe 3 positive and three negative things that occurred during this great decade. Please use complete sentences and proper spelling and grammar.