INDUSTRIALIZATION – TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE – about 440,000 patents issued Inventions change the way people work, spend leisure time, travel, and die (in certain cases) – affect all aspects of human life in U.S. Some important inventions/developments –Stock ticker –Barbed wire –telephone –Light bulb –Phonograph –Brooklyn Bridge –Kodak Camera –Much more…

Frederick Winslow Taylor –Scientific Management –The Principles of Scientific Management Alexander Graham Bell –Scotland –Boston University Professor of Speech and Vocal Physiology March 10, 1876 – first complete sentence via telephone

–Bell goes on to work on flying machines, much more Thomas Alva Edison –Milan, Ohio –Little formal education – but precocious –Reads incessantly –At age 23, opens lab –Promises invention every 10 days for rest of life

–Works tirelessly, sleeps 3-4 hours per night (deaf) Electric Chair –Connected, indirectly, to Edison –1880 – capital punishment – most states –1881-discussion about humanity of electrocution –1882 – Edison 1 st electric utility company –1886 – Westinghouse emerges as competitor (AC)

1887 –Copper prices rise – bad for Edison –Edison starts killing cats and dogs (West Orange, NJ) –Issues pamphlet – problems with AC 1888 –NY passes law – electrocution –Harold Brown – convinced of problems with AC Goes to Edison’s to do research Shocks dogs, calves, a 1230 lb. horse

Westinghouse writes to NY Times – accuses Brown of acting in the “interest and pay” of Edison Brown – acquires 3 Westinghouse generators William Kemmler – kills lover with axe Sentenced to death –Westinghouse funds appeal – says electrocution is cruel and unusual –Edwin Davis – Auburn prison electrician – designs chair –August 6, 1890 – Kemmler killed –“They would have done better with an axe” – Westinghouse

Other early electrocutions –William Taylor –Fred Van Wormer