Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) (Catford, 1969:20). Translation consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida, 1969:12). Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/ or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language (Newmark, 1981: 7). Translation is s process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance (Pinchuck, 1977:38). In short term, translation can be defined as transferring a message from the source language into target language into target language by expressing its meaning and the style of language.

Elements of Translation Source Language Meaning/Message Target Language

It can be concluded that translation indicates: Two languages : source language (SL) and target language (TL) or receptor language (RL). Reproducing (the meaning, message, statement, utterance, style) of the SL text into that of the TL text. There are many concept of translation, such as reproduce, replace, render, but one thing is certain that translation is an act of recreating meaning, not creating meaning.

The Actual Words in Translation Equivalent (Catford, Nida and Pinchuck) Similar (McGuire) Textual material or text (Catford and McGuire) Written message (Newmark) SL Message (Nida) Replacement (Catford and Newmark) Reproducing (Nida)

Text Translation  Unity Idea, wording, coherence, unity (meaning), context.  Meaning and Vocabulary Lexicon (meaning based), diction, register, cultural content, and contextually-based, expression, idiomatic expression.  Style Scientific  Formal, Informal  Informal Short story, drama, poetry, literary work  ancient words, informal, slang.  Structure Grammar (words, phrases, clauses, text, discourse)  Cohesive relation Translator must know  Structuring rules

Process of Translation ORIGINAL TEXT (source language) ANALYZING DRAFTING REVISING FINALIZING TRANSLATION TEXT (target language)

Types of Translation Word for Word Dia dapat berbicara bahasa Inggris She can speak language English Masalah hubungan Indonesia dengan Australia Problem relation Indonesia with Australia Literal Translation My cat is chasing your cat Kucing saya sedang mengejar kucing anda. Free Translation Break the ice Basa-basi To kick something around membahas