Section 12-3 Review page 308 #s 1-6 Directions: Write down the question and the answer for each question on a piece of paper to be included in your Chapter 12 Notebook.

#1 Discuss the relationship between tsunamis and earthquakes. Undersea earthquakes cause sudden changes in the level of the ocean floor. This makes the water above drop or rise and sets in motion a series of long, low waves.

Tsunamis can be caused by . . . Volcanoes Earthquakes Landslides http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-529794418106164793&hl=en http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=916410440854736668 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4276800493180740813 http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4130000/newsid_4137800/4137839.stm

#2 Describe two possible effects of a major earthquake on buildings. They may sway with the force of the earthquake so that they tip over onto nearby structures or they may collapse.

Liquefaction http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=32116389448553990&q=liquefaction&hl=en

#3 List three safety rules to follow when an earthquake strikes. 1-Remain calm and move to a safe position between tremors; 2-Stand in a doorway or crouch under a desk to avoid falling debris; 3-Stay away from windows or large objects that may fall; in a car, avoid buildings, power lines, or bridges.

#4 Describe how identifying seismic gaps may help scientists predict earthquakes. Locations where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but have occurred in the past may be sites of future earthquakes if stress builds up there.

Seismic Gap http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/hazards/eqfault/eqfact.htm

#5 ground tilt cracks in rocks caused by stress Identify changes in rocks that may signal earthquakes. ground tilt cracks in rocks caused by stress change in water content that could alter the rock’s magnetic or electrical properties gas seepage

How do scientists try to predict earthquakes? Seismic Gaps Foreshocks Changes in Rocks

Changes in Rocks

Are earthquake forecasts reliable? It is mostly UNRELIABLE. Scientists can generally identify earthquake prone areas, but they cannot identify exactly where and when an earthquake will happen.

#6 What type of building construction and location regulations should be included in the building code of a city that is located near an active fault? Buildings or dams should be constructed on solid rock. Plans should be approved by experts to ensure that buildings are constructed from materials that won’t loosen and fall off and that they are designed to withstand the motion of the ground during an earthquake. Utility lines and cables should be protected to prevent fires and explosions.

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