THE NEW DEAL STANDARD 16

Franklin D. Roosevelt & the New Deal In the midst of the Great Depression, Roosevelt told America, “…the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” – 25% unemployment rate – No one could receive bank loans Within 2 days of his inauguration he closed all the banks. – He reopened the banks for a fresh start. New Deal – New laws regulated banking, relief to poor, managed farms. – Put people back to work

1933 – Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program for unemployed men, focused on natural resource conservation. – Flood control, reforestation Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): to provide: navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, & economic development in the Tennessee Valley. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): provided relief to farmers in the form of crop subsidies (money paid by govt for a particular purpose. – Keep farmers from overplanting Franklin D. Roosevelt & the New Deal

Congress created Social Security – retirement insurance for elderly. Works Progress Administration (WPA) – built buildings & roads & created employment for workers & artists. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) – protected the right of laborers to form unions. – Barred management, firing workers for joining unions, & protected collective bargaining (the ability to bargain as a group for workers’ rights). – Est. the National Labor Relations Board – Sometimes called the Wagner Act Franklin D. Roosevelt & the New Deal

Senator Huey Long of Louisiana – “share the wealth” plan – Called for taxing the rich & using those dollars to give everyone a home & an annual income of $2,500. – Shot at the Louisiana State Capitol 1935 – U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Agricultural Adjustment act (AAA) was unconstitutional. – Roosevelt tried to increase number of Supreme Court justices from nine to fifteen (those that would support the New Deal) – The Idea was dropped after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Social Security Act. Franklin D. Roosevelt & the New Deal

Viewed as a woman of great compassion. Many wrote to her asking for financial help Toured country to assess needs of the people Stood out as symbol of social progress & women’s activism. Played active role in the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) Big supporter of the African-American civil rights movement First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

International Problems Germany was experiencing a severe depression. Turned to Adolph Hitler, head of the Nazi Party. Military leaders in Japan sought to expand the country’s power : Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts. – “America should have little involvement in foreign disputes” – Banned the sale of arms to any nation at war – Countries must pay cash & use their ships for transporting goods