+ Europe’s Heartland aka Central Europe: French and the Benelux Countries Mr. Mulligan Geography

+ Goals and Objectives Objective: To analyze a map of Europe and be able to locate the Heartland Region Essential Question? What do you think the Regions of Europe are named and what countries belong to each region?

+ Do Now: Using your iPad.. Research the Heartland (Central) Region of Europe...jot down the countries in this region in your notebook or using “Notes.”

+ France Heart of western Europe Neighbors the Benelux countries Democratic Republic President and Prime Minister Second largest country in Europe Mild or warm climate Northern France is part of Northern European Plain and in south mountain ranges separate from Spain, Italy, and Switzerland Seine and Loire Rivers connect the regions

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+ France Rich soil leads to specialization of farming (focusing efforts on certain activities to make best use of resources) Cheesebb and wines Rely on industries as well (automotive, chemicals, textiles, and processed foods) High-technology industries (engineers) 1 in 12 French workers are employed by tourism

+ French Culture Trace ancestry back Celts, Romans, and Germanic people Speak French Roman Catholics Islam is second religion 60.7 million citizens Close to 10 million live in Paris Paris can be compared to NYC (landmarks, museums, cathedrals, and beauty)

+ Benelux Countires Group is given the name by the first syllables of each country Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Densely populated low flat lands High standard of living Parliamentary Democracies with Monarchs

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+ Benelux Countries Belgium Trade and Manufacturing center Imports raw materials Exports cars, chemicals, and textiles Antwerp is center of world diamond industry Brussels (capital) is the head of the European Union 3 regions Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels (self-rule) Flanders (Dutch) Wallonia (French) Brussels (bilingual)

+ Benelux Countries Netherlands 25% lays beneath sea-level. Dikes (banks of soil) were built to defend the sea. Polders (drained land) are rich farming lands Amsterdam is capital Cities and towns have narrow houses built on canals or over highways Service industries, manufacturing, and trade Export 2 million tulip bulbs each year

+ Benelux Countries Luxembourg Southeast of Belgium One of Europe’s smallest countries Trade and finance center Many multinational companies have headquarters in Luxembourg Mixed French and German background

+ Germany and the Alpine Countries Mr. Mulligan’s Geography Class

+ Goals and Objectives Objective: To analyze a map of Europe and be able to locate the Heartland Region Essential Question? What do you think the Regions of Europe are named and what countries belong to each region?

+ Germany High Standard of living Strong Economy Surrounded by 9 countries.. CENTERPIECE OF EUROPE Northern European Plain in North, Alps in far south Rhine and Elbe Rivers flow to North Sea  Rivers transport raw materials

+ Germany In The Middle

+ Germany’s History Formation of states 1871 the states came together to for Germany German leaders wanted to control all of Europe which led to two World Wars Defeated in both Blamed for WWI had to pay repercussions of war. Not happy with decision and lead to Hitler’s rise to power and start of WWII Germany and Axis powers were defeated by the Allied Powers (USA,UK, and Soviet Union Germany divided into four zones (two really.)

+ Divided Germany Germany was divided into two zones separated by the Berlin Wall Soviet Zone became known as Communist East Germany Other three zones were controlled by USA, UK, and France. These three zones were known as democratic west Germany The Berlin Wall was to separate communist East from Democratic West. The wall was built overnight in August The Wall lasted until November 9, 1989 when it was announced that people were able to relocate without punishment. Wall was dismantled.

+ Germany’s Government Federal Republic National and state governments share power. Sound Familiar? President is elected-figure head Chancellor is chosen by parliament and is real head of government

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+ Germany’s Economy Global Economic Power Agriculture Industry- steel, chemicals, cars,& electrical equipment Head of European Union With reunification many business in East were not up to speed with West, still lag today Largest population 82.5 million Berlin is capital Speak German

+ Alpine Countries Draw name from the Alps Switzerland Austria Liechtenstein

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+ Switzerland, Austria, and Liechtenstein Switzerland is a small neutral (in the middle) country enjoying 700 years of democratic stability. Red Cross is located in Geneva Alps isolated groups of people- unique traditions, ethnic groups, religions and independence. 4 national languages German, French, Italian, and Romansch. 3/4 ‘s of Austria’s west is covered by the Alps. Tourist and Skier attraction Liechtenstein is only 62 square miles-smaller than DC- only 40,000 people….cannot fill some professional or college stadiums