Imperialism in Africa

Imperialism Intense competition for colonies In 1875 European Nations control 10% By 1900 European Nations control 90% How? New Technology Medical Knowledge Maxim Gun

Imperialism Europeans competed for land over the entire continent: French, Italians and British: North Africa French and Germans: West Africa Belgians and Germans: Central Africa Portuguese, Brits and Germans: South Africa Italians, British, Germans: East Africa Conflict ensued between these nations

Berlin Conference 1885 Conference called to settle land disputes among European nations in Africa. Called by Bismarck Worried about being left out of the Scramble Every Corner of Africa divided up. Between European nations No African Groups were invited Shows feeling of superiority Europeans felt

Exploration European nations send out explorers to find out what was in Africa. Mungo Park: Scottish, Explored the Niger River Rene Caillie: from France, 1st to cross the Sahara, searched for Timbuktu Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke: British, looked for the source of the Nile David Livingstone: British Doctor; missionary; Explored the interior of Africa, treated ill. Named Victoria Falls

MUNGO PARK

RENE CAILLIE

Entering the city of Timbuktu

TIMBUKTU

SIR RICHARD BURTON

John Hanning Speke

Finding Lake Tangayika; Burton being carried; Speke with a cane

BURTON’S TOMB in England resembles a desert tent

Dr. Livingstone

VICTORIA FALLS

DR. LIVINGSTONE I PRESUME?

CARRYING HIS DEAD BODY OUT OF AFRICA

Imperialism South Africa: Bitter power struggle developed among local African groups, Dutch settlers and British Zulu: African tribe that migrated into South Africa by early 1800’s. Great leader: Shaka Boers: Dutch settlers in South Africa. Settled Capetown in 1652. Used locals as slaves. British: won control of Cape Town from Boers in early 1800’s.

Great Trek: Boers retreat north to get away from British. 1850’s: Boers set up two independent republics on Zulu land: Orange Free State and the Transvaal. The two fought for years. British helped Boers to defeat the Zulu.

Imperialism Shaka Zulu

Imperialism The Mfecane: Mfecane "the Crushing“. Events following the rise to power of Shaka who created a militaristic kingdom. He conquered some tribes and forced other tribes to leave the area, opening the way for European settlement. Very bloody.

Imperialism Discovery of Diamonds and Gold in South Africa Boer War, 1900: between British and Boers for control of Boer territory and gold/diamonds. British won. 1908: British create Union of South Africa out of various colonies. Granted self government Only whites could vote. Majority of white population: Boers. They controlled government. Institute Apartheid: separation of races.

Imperialism Cecil Rhodes: British miner looking for gold and diamonds in South Africa By 1889 he controlled 90% of the world’s diamond output.

Africa: Colonization

African Decolonization

Imperialism Summarization: European nations desired land in Africa For its resources The Berlin Conference split up Africa amongst those European nations. Colonialism and mistreatment of the Africans followed. Groups like the Zulu fought against further European expansion.