Commas: Part II
Introductory Elements Use a comma after introductory words or mild interjections. Example: No, we didn’t see any rattlesnakes while we were hiking.
Introductory Elements: Continued Use a comma after two or more prepositional phrases at the beginning of a sentence. Example: After four rounds with the champ, Diaz was ready to call it a day.
Introductory Elements: Continued Use a comma after verbal phrases and adverb clauses that begin a sentence. Example: Spinning wildly, the folk dancers left the stage. (verbal) When the party ended, we started to clean up. (adverb)
Introductory Elements: Continued Advanced Comp. Only Use a comma after words or phrases that have been transposed; that is, moved to the beginning of a sentence from their normal position. If necessary, call Serena for directions.
Your Turn Oh I though you were getting a haircut tomorrow. Because of a sore throat Janna was unable to sing her solo.
Interrupters Use commas to set off one or more words that interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence. The judge, after long deliberation, sentenced the prisoners.
Interrupters: Appositives Use commas to set off nonessential appositives only. The World Series, baseball’s toughest competition, is held annually in the fall. Above example is nonessential.
Interrupters: Appositives Essential: do not use commas in these instances. The author Ernest Hemingway is known for his simple, unadorned writing style. The musical Les Miserables is based on a novel written by Victory Hugo in 1862.
Interrupters: Direct Address Use commas to set off nouns of direct address. Erika, please pass the pasta.
Interrupters: Words/Phrases See a list on pg. 703 (orange) or pg. 741 (blue) Our car, I believe, is over there.