Skeletal System.

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Presentation transcript:

Skeletal System

Support All living organisms need a support structure One-cell organisms have cytoskeleton Arthropods have exoskeleton (exo = out) (i.e. insects, snails) Vertebrates have endoskeleton (endo = in)

Skeletal System Parts Bones and other connective tissues, such as cartilage and ligaments, form the skeletal system.

Functions Our skeletal system and its joints allows special movements Hips allows us to walk upright on 2 legs Hands allow us to have an opposable thumb = ability to grasp objects. Size of skull says we have a well developed brain. (Remember evolution of late ancestors. Small skull, big jaw.)

Functions The skeleton supports the body, protects internal organs, provides for movement, stores mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood cell formation. Examples: Skull protect brain Ribs and sternum protects lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach, heart, etc.

Divisions There are 206 bones in 2 parts Axial – supports the central axis of the body Skull, vertebrae and ribs

Divisions Appendicular Skeleton The bones of the arms and legs, along with the bones of the pelvis and shoulder area, form the appendicular skeleton.

Structure The bone is surrounded by a tough layer of connective tissue called the periosteum Blood vessels pass through here to supply bone w/ oxygen and nutrients Below periosteum is compact bone. (Really dense, but not solid) Running through compact bone are tubes called Haversian canals that have blood vessels and nerves. Spongy bone is less dense found inside the outer layer of compact bone. Its not soft or spongy. Its pattern provides strong support without adding too much mass.

Structure http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/iText/product s/0-13-181118-5/ch36/sb1102f1c.html

Structure Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Mature bone cells Osteoclasts Break down bone Osteoblasts Build up bone Bone remodel even when we stop growing. Example: Exercise puts stress on our bones and forces bone to become stronger. Broken bone need to rebuild. Also, if not used, bones become weaker and break down.

Structure Bone marrow are in cavities within our bones 2 types: Yellow – made up of fat cells Red – makes RBCs, WBCs and platelets

Bone Marrow

Bone Development Embryo is almost entirely cartilage. Cartilage is replaced by bone by ossification Starts 7 months before birth. Here’s where osteoblasts come into play.

Types Of Joints Pivot Hinge Ball & Socket Gliding Top of the neck Elbow/Knee Ball & Socket Gliding Intercarpal joints Shoulder/Hip

Structure of Joints Cartilage covers surfaces where bone meet. Bone on bone hurts! A capsule surrounds the joint made of 2 layers 1. ligaments 2. cell that make synovial fluid (reduces friction)

Disorders Research and find a disorder of the skeletal system. Name, how it affects a person and how to treat it.Write 1 paragraph about it. Will count as 1 homework and 1 project grade.

Cranium Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Rib Vertebral Column Ulna Pelvis Radius Sacrum Carpals Coccyx Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges