What materials erupt from Volcano? Gases Molten Rock Solid Fragments

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Presentation transcript:

What materials erupt from Volcano? Gases Molten Rock Solid Fragments Volcano Notes What materials erupt from Volcano? Gases Molten Rock Solid Fragments

GASES STEAM is most abundant, 66% Other gases CO2, N, S, H, Cl, Ar, F White clouds: indicate STEAM Bluish/brown: indicate SULFUR

FUMAROLE Crack in a volcano Temps range 200-400 degrees Alaska’s Valley of 10,000 Smokes SOLFATARA: special fumarole, releases SULFUR

Gases: determine eruption EXPLOSIVE: thick magma, trapped gases, Ex: Mt Pelee GENTLE: magma is fluid, gases can escape, Ex: Hawaii

Trapped gases underground HOT SPRINGS form when groundwater boils GEYSER is special type that erupts periodically

MOLTEN ROCK MAGMA: melted rock below the earth’s surface LAVA: melted rock above the earth’s surface

Types: AA: rough, jagged, sharp lava PAHOEHOE: smooth, satin-like, ropey lava

Examples: PILLOW LAVA: forms when lava flows into the ocean PILLAR LAVA: as lava cools, surface shrinks, forms hexagonal columns

SOLID FRAGMENTS DUST: smallest ASH: next largest LAPILLI: grape-sized CINDERS: glassy BOMBS: tear-dropped BLOCK: largest TUFF: combination PUMICE: light gray rock, floats SCORIA: heavier, more red

Lapilli, Bomb, Pumice, Block

NUEE ARDENTE A mixture of steam, other gases, pumice, ash Flows down hill like an avalanche

Sources of Magma BATHOLITH: larger than 40 square mi STOCK: less than 40 square mi LACCOLITH: Domed surface DIKE: vertical intrusion SILL: horizontal intrusion PIPE: connects NECK: center of cone DOME: may form

FISSURE or RIFT Crack in the surface of earth Magma escapes May be miles long

Top of Volcano: CONE: visible part of volcano, the rim is called the crater If rim collapses and enlarges it is called a CALDERA