RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U

Tonsillitis Description Cause Treatment red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever swollen glands Cause a virus or bacteria Treatment Surgically removing

Laryngitis Description Inflammation of the larynx Vocal cords cannot vibrate Cause caused by a infection or allergy or by overstraining the voice Treatment Rest

Pneumonia Description inflammation in one or both lungs A disease that causes inflammation in one or both lungs Alveoli fill with thick fluid making gas exchange difficult Cause Caused by viral or bacteria infection Treatment Antibiotics or anti-viral medication

Bronchitis Description Bronchi red & inflamed Coughing brings up mucus Chronic  cilia lining destroyed  limit ability to clear mucus Cause Bacteria Prolonged exposure to dust, chemicals, cigarette smoke Treatment Antibiotics, Chronic  no cure but treat with quit smoking, medications, exercising

Asthma Description Airways inflamed, bronchioles constrict, thus difficult for air to pass Cause Inhaled irritants  pollen, dust, smoke Treatment Inhaler  medication in mist or powder Medication relax muscles around airways

Emphysema Description Cause Treatment No cure Alveoli lose elasticity, burst, fuse into enlarged spaces reduce SA for gas exchange  less O2 Cause smoking Treatment No cure Use inhaler to open airways, O2 tank to boost O2 supply to body

Cystic Fibrosis Description Cause Treatment Thick mucus in lungs  inflammation infection due to trapped bacteria Cause Gene mutation causes cells lining in airways to release thick mucus Pancreatic ducts blocked Treatment Gene therapy Symptoms treated with medication to thin mucus antibiotics

TUBERCULOSIS Description Damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange Cause Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis Treatment Six-month treatment with antibiotics Vaccine available protecting children

Lung Cancer Description Cause Treatment Uncontrolled cell growth  carcinoma Cancer cells break away & spread to other organs Cause Smoking Pollutants, radon gas, asbestos Treatment Radiation, chemotherapy  destroy cancer cells Surgery or laser surgery  remove tumours

Hiccups, Yawns, Coughs, Sneezes ????

Every once in a while your diaphragm may go into spasms of contractions. The reason for this isn’t clear, but the result is: you “hiccup”.

diaphragm muscle contracts suddenly, it flattens out and air rapidly rushes in to your lungs. To stop this rush the epiglottis clamps down over the trachea (windpipe), producing the “hic” sound. The airflow is stopped so quickly by this action that your body suffers a jolt. The “cup” sound is produced by the air rushing out by epiglottis when it relaxes.

How long do they last? In general … a couple of seconds to a couple of minutes….

World Record Holder! Charles Osborne started hiccupping in 1922 and continued hiccupping until February 1990, a total of 68 year! The only discomfort from his hiccupping, he claimed, was the constant risk of losing his false teeth! During the first few decades, he hiccupped up to 40 times a minute, slowing to 20 a minute in later years.

How do you cure your hiccups??

Cures?

Yawns…

If you are forced to sit quietly for a while your breathing may become slow and shallow. Shallow breathing seems to trigger falling asleep.

A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, shallow breathing pattern. You don’t fall asleep!

Interesting Yawning Facts The average yawn lasts about six seconds. Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent during a yawn. 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn. Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio tape of people yawning. Reading about yawning will make you yawn.

COUGHS

Why it happens? The surface of the windpipe is very sensitive to touch. Any bits of matter such as food, or dust, or mucus from a runny nose that touch this area cause quite a reaction. Your lungs release an explosive blast of air, the cough.

Remedies Some act to turn off the cells that produce the mucus in the nasal and sinus passages. Some turn off the part of the brain that sends the nerve signal to start the cough action and may turn off other parts of the brain. As a side-effect of this, you may feel sleepy and dopey.

SNEEZES

What is a Sneeze? a blast of air that cleans matter, like dust or mucus, out of the nasal passages. is triggered by something irritating the surface of the nasal passage. Air speeds of 167 km/h have been recorded during a sneeze