Do Now #3: Which essay has the more effective argument: Self-Reliance or The American Scholar? Why?

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals? Logos Ethos Pathos

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals? Types of Logical Appeals (Logos) Use deductive or inductive reasoning Allude to history, mythology, literature Provide testimony Draw analogies, create metaphors Provide and classify evidence Cite authorities Use facts and research Argue from precedent

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals? Types of Emotional Appeals (Pathos) Use language that involves the senses Include connotative language Include a bias or prejudice Use description Use figurative language Include an anecdote Develop tone, reveal emotions or attitudes

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals? Types of Ethical Appeals (Ethos) Make the audience believe the writer is trustworthy Demonstrate that the writer put in research time Convince the audience that the writer is reliable and knowledgeable Show concern about communicating with audience Present a carefully crafted and edited argument

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals? Emerson makes use of aphorisms (Brief, wise observations). “Books are the best of things, well-used; abused, among the worst.” (The American Scholar) “A man is a god in ruins.” (Nature) “Nothing can bring peace but yourself” (Self-Reliance). What rhetorical appeal do these make?

Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?