BEHAVIORISM: INTRINSIC & EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION Motivation and learning styles

Objectives Understand the basic idea of Behaviorism Understand the differences between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Understand why intrinsic motivation is key to behavior change and learning Understand the role that educators have in inspiring intrinsic motivation

Oh, Behave... Definition of Behaviorism All things that organisms do - including acting, thinking, and feeling, are regarded as behaviors. To change behaviors, the environment is modified or behavioral patterns are changed.

Behaviorism: The Basics! B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning Ivan Pavlov & Classical Conditioning

Four Motivational Theories Behavioral: Reward, Incentive Humanistic: Inborn Need, Inner Resources Cognitive: Thinking, Interpretation Sociocultural: Identity, Interpersonal One of these four theories is extrinsic. Can you tell me which one?

Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual. Examples: o Rewards like money, grades, or trophies o Coercion o Threat of punishment o Competition o The Office: Schrutebucks The Office: Schrutebucks o The Office: Michael = “Boss”

Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, existing within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure. Examples: Can attribute results to factors under their own control (e.g., the effort expended) Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck) Interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote- learning to achieve good grades. Forrest Gump: I just like running. Forrest Gump: I just like running. The Office: The most inspiring thing ever said... Office: The most inspiring thing ever said...

A Few Good Theories Incentive Theory Training ("Treat, puppy! Treat!) Goal-Setting Theory Four goal orientations o Learning: Improvement, Challenges o Performance: Demonstration of Ability o Work-Avoidance: Easy, Minimal Effort o Social: Peer Groups, Honor

Possible Intrinsic Motivations... Maslow's Hierarchy Physiological: Breathing, Food, Water, Sleep Safety: Security of; Body, Employment, Resources, Morality, The Family Love, Belonging: Friendship, Family, Sexual Intimacy Esteem: Self Esteem, Confidence, Respect Self-Actualization: Morality, Creativity, Lack of Prejudice Or…Five Human Needs Connection Power Freedom Fun Survival

Marketing & Intrinsic Worth

Applications

Let’s Talk… Knowing what we now know about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which do you think is most common in schools? Why? Which type of motivation do you think is most effective for student learning or behavior change? Why? If we acknowledge that intrinsic motivation is most effective in terms of learning or behavior change, how do we as educators inspire intrinsic motivation development in our students?

What does this mean to me? Teachers o Choice o Connecting content to students' lives o Competence o Creativity cartoonbabykids.blogspot.com

What does this mean to me? Administrators o School Climate o Discipline/Reward system within the school o Professional development opportunities

What does this mean to me? Students o Ownership o Relevance o Self-efficacy o Basic needs being met

What does this mean to me? Counselors o Help students figure out what motivates them o Goal setting o Support motivating school climate o Thinking and acting for behavior change

Tools I can use… Motivational Interviewing o Help students identify behaviors that they are interested in changing o And help them figure out how to do that Solution-Focused Counseling o Figure out what works for the student and see if she or he can transfer that solution to a current problem o What motivates the student to avoid the problem under different circumstances Responsible Behavior Choice o Teaching students socially responsible behavior to satisfy needs

Sum it up! o Behaviorism holds that all actions have a reason. o Intrinsic motivation comes from within. Extrinsic motivation comes from without. o Tapping into intrinsic motivation leads to more effective teaching. o Counselors can use this information to enable teachers and administrators to more effectively work with students and enable students enjoy the learning process.

Activity Role Play or Discussion Groups of 2, please!

Sources accessed Chapter Ten: Motivating Students Outline. Miller and Rollnick, Chapter Ten: Motivation: Issues and Explanations. Miller and Rollnick, Sullo, B. (2007). Activating the desire to learn. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.