Graded Warm-Up: Choose a famous historical woman (such as an athlete, a biblical figure, scientist, etc.) Write a paragraph from her point of view as if she, too, were presenting in yesterday’s debate. Be sure to use claims, counterclaims, all four persuasive techniques, and to stay true to her character! YOUR HOMEWORK IS NOT THE WARM-UP.

Review

 Logical appeal  Facts and figures support the topic  CAUTION: Ensure information is accurate and makes sense

 Appeal to audience’s emotions  Most effective when speaker agrees with values of reader/ audience  CAUTION: Powerful, but won’t completely carry a speech

 Appeal to honesty/ authority of speaker  Demonstrates your credibility on the topic  CAUTION: You must build your audience’s trust

 Appeal to the need for human interaction/ community  Draws upon common knowledge  CAUTION: Not everyone will jump on the bandwagon or understand the reference.

 S peaker  O ccasion  A udience  P urpose  S ubject  Tone

 YgKc YgKc  IFTQw IFTQw  yXQw yXQw

 Alliteration  Assonance  Onomatopoeia  Adds poetic melody; make speech enjoyable to hear

 Anaphora – repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive sentences  Epistrophe/Epiphora – repetition of the same word at the end of successive sentences  Parallel Structure – sentences or sentence parts have a similar structure  Used to add emphasis and connect ideas throughout a speech

 Personification  Simile  Metaphor  Changes meaning; adds a narrative quality

 Loaded Language – using specific diction (word choice) to incite emotion  Rhetorical Question – speaker asks a question but does not expect a response; used to make the reader reflect

1. “That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.” - Obama 2. “Now the trumpet summons us again …a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle.” - JFK 3. “Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.” - MLK

“A General Summary of Aristotle’s Appeals.” 14 November Web. Dlugan, Andrew. “Ethos, Pathos, Logos: Three Pillars of Public Speaking.” 14 November Web. "Persuasion". Business Dictionary. Retrieved 9 May Seiter, Robert H. Gass, John S. (2010). Persuasion, Social Influence, and Compliance Gaining (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 33. ISBN