Chapter 22 The New Deal

FDR  1933: Franklin D. Roosevelt takes office  Pledged the “New Deal”  Bipartisan: took in Republicans and women Republicans and women on his Cabinet on his Cabinet

Eleanor Roosevelt  FDR’s wife, very outspoken 1 st lady.  Became the “eyes and ears” on the United States

First 100 Days  Emergency Banking Bill: banks closed for 4 days to get accounts in order  Fireside Chats: radio speeches to the people to deliver hope

Government Programs  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): insured banks up to $5,000  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): regulate stock market

New Deal Programs  Farmers: Agricultural Adjustment Act End overproduction and raise crop prices End overproduction and raise crop prices  Tennessee Valley Authority: built dams to control floods and generate power  Civilian Conservation Corps: gave 2 million young men gave 2 million young men jobs jobs

New Deal Cont…  National Recovery Administration: developed codes of fair competition Established minimum wage and minimum good prices Established minimum wage and minimum good prices  Public Works Administration: built bridges, dams, power plants, and government buildings government buildings

Opposition to FDR  Huey Long - Senator from Louisiana, who opposed Roosevelt. Was considered a serious threat to become the next president, but was assassinated by a lone gunman. “Every Man A King”  Republicans said “too much” Government was too powerful Government was too powerful  Socialists said “not enough”

Second New Deal  Addressed social problems Elderly, poor, unemployed, workers, and farmers Elderly, poor, unemployed, workers, and farmers

Works Progress Administration  Created to distribute $5 billion for new jobs  Employed 8 million people  Built 650,000 miles of highway  125,000 buildings Deficit Spending spending more money than the government receives in revenue.

Social Security  Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses  Unemployment Compensation  Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

Farmers  Rural Electrification Administration: loaned money to build power lines and bring electricity to rural areas  Water Projects: irrigation and dams

Labor Rights  Wagner Act – recognized the right of employees to join labor unions and gave workers the right to Collective Bargaining.  Fair Labor Standards Act Banned child labor Banned child labor Created minimum wage Created minimum wage 44 hour work week 44 hour work week  Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) labor unions labor unions Ethnically more diverse Ethnically more diverse

Effects of the New Deal  Millions employed through programs  Banking system is stabilized  Stock market regulations  Social insurance for elderly and poor  Farming help  Government takes more active role in economy  Women and African Americans make advances

Culture of the 1930’s  Movies and Radio  Swing Music  Murals  Literature Grapes of Wrath

Golden Age of Hollywood