Comparison and integration among different sources for determining the legal foreign population stock in Italy Costanza Giovannelli Joint UNECE/Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Geneva, March 2005

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Contents of the presentation  Which sources are available?  Which definitions and concepts are used to produce data?

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Contents of the presentation  How do we calculate the resident foreign population?  How do we estimate the legal foreign population?

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Contents of the presentation  Are different sources comparable?  Which are the improvements to pursue?

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Sources available (1) SURVEY ON FOREIGN RESIDENT POPULATION  Population registries  Yearly survey  municipalities  Since 1992

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Requirements to apply to the register  Usual residence in the municipality (for all citizens)  Valid residence permit (only for extra-UE citizens) Population Registries

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Minimum duration of the permit to apply to the registry UN Recommended Definition of long-term international migrant (Rev.1, 1988) Population registries

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Survey on foreign resident population OBJECT OF THE SURVEY People with citizenship other than Italian, registered as resident  No information on place of birth 

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Flow data  live births  deaths  immigrations  emigrations  acquisitions of citizenship Survey on foreign resident population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Stock data  Resident foreign population at the beginning and at the end of the year  by sex  by single citizenship  Resident foreign minors  by sex Survey on foreign resident population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics PROS  administrative nature of the data  data at municipal level (Local Administrative Units)  detailed flow data Survey on foreign resident population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics CONS  administrative nature of the data  frequent missed de-registrations  lack of information on place of birth Survey on foreign resident population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Survey on foreign resident population – January 2004 Males Females Total % on total population3,4 % minors on foreigners20,7

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Sources available (2) POPULATION CENSUS  Every 10 years  Resident and present population  Wide availability of socio- demographic information

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census  Citizenship  Citizenship at birth (Italian/foreign)  Place of birth FOREIGN POPULATION IMMIGRANT POPULATION

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census Foreign population: people, born in Italy or abroad, who declare a citizenship other than the Italian one at the census Immigrant population: people born abroad, who declare to be foreign or Italian by naturalization

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD FOREIGNERS BORN IN ITALY ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census FOREIGN POPULATION BORN IN ITALY FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census FOREIGN POPULATION BORN IN ITALY FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census PROS  Availability of information on birthplace and citizenship at birth  Other socio-demographic and economic characteristics

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Population Census CONS  Data available every ten years  Problems of under coverage

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Sources available (3) RESIDENCE PERMITS  Granted by Ministry of Interior, elaborated by Istat  Provincial territorial reference (NUTS3)  Various socio-demographic variables available  Reason to stay

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits  Data used to estimate stocks  Possibility also to estimate flows

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits Why do Istat elaborate residence permits data? a. Expired permits At the beginning of the ‘90s Ministry’s series were affected by a certain number of expired and duplicate permits

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits Why do Istat elaborate residence permits data? b. Renewals  Long time required to grant renewals  Delays in the updating of Ministry’s electronic DB

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits To estimate the number of foreigners with a valid residence permit at the end of the year Istat process data six/eight months later with reference to the end of the year all the renewed permits have been recorded

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits DATA ON DEC 31 st PROCESSED DEC 31 st DATA DO NOT YET INCLUDE RENEWALS PROCESSED JUN 30 th DATA INCLUDE RENEWALS DATA ON DEC 31 st

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits Minors under 15 years of age do not hold an individual permit

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits PROS  Reason to stay  Identification of sub groups of population: students, asylum seekers  Not only residents

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Residence permits CONS  Administrative nature of data  Dissemination timing due to delays in updating Ministry’s DB  Exclusion of minors under 15 years of age  No data at municipal level (only place of domicile)

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Definitions What identifies immigrant population in Italian stock data? CITIZENSHIP PLACE OF BIRTH ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP ETHNICITY

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Resident foreign population Comparison between population registries and census Line-up of the two population data

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Differences between registries and census  concentrated in big urban municipalities  higher in the Southern regions  differentiated by citizenship and sex Resident foreign population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics FOREIGN RESIDENT POPULATION AT CENSUS UPDATED POPULATION ?? UPDATED POP REGISTRIES ?? NATURAL FLOWSMIGRATION FLOWS “CORRECTIONS” OF THE CENSUS Resident foreign population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics 21/10/ /12/ ,1% 6,8% Resident foreign population

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Estimations: how to use residence permits data Estimation of legal foreign population by means of residence permits PRESENT LEGAL POPULATION + REGISTERED MINORS

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Are different sources comparable? RESIDENCE PERMITS RESIDENT POPULATION LEGAL BUT NOT RESIDENT MINORS CENSUS

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Are different sources comparable? POPULATION UPDATED FROM CENSUS UNDER ESTIMATION DUE TO COVERAGE PROBLEMS AT CENSUS PERMITS GRANTED UNDER REGULARIZATION ONLY PARTLY INCLUDED DATA BIASED ESPECIALLY IN LARGE MUNICIPALITIES

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Are different sources comparable? POPULATION REGISTRIES OVER ENUMERATION DUE TO MISSED DE-REGISTRATIONS DATA BIASED ESPECIALLY IN LARGE MUNICIPALITIES

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Are different sources comparable? RESIDENCE PERMITS PERMITS GRANTED UNDER REGULARIZATION ARE ALREADY INCLUDED FEW MINORS INCLUDED LEGAL POPULATION INCLUDED EVEN IF NOT RESIDENT

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Perspectives Improvements for the survey on population registries  Proposal to register the information on the date of acquisition of Italian citizenship  Introduction in the form of the sub total of people born in Italy (II generation)

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Perspectives  Unification of the administrative procedure to obtain the residence permit and to apply to the registry  Reduction of time lag between acquisition of “legal” status and of “resident” status

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics Perspectives Reduction of dissemination time for Istat series on residence permits