Nationalism

Nationalism Emerges NationalismNationalism = the idea that people’s loyalty should be to their nation = the idea that people’s loyalty should be to their nation WHY DID THIS EMERGE?  Revolutions!!!! 1)Desire for gov’t of the people (Enlightenment values) 2)Remove foreign control or oppression (i.e. Latin America, Greece, American colonies) 3)Identification w/culture (did not want to assimilate to foreign culture)

Elements of a Nation-State Nation = a group of people unified by a common culture, ethnicity, values or languageNation = a group of people unified by a common culture, ethnicity, values or language –Example: Iroquois State = a political or geographic location where a government is sovereignState = a political or geographic location where a government is sovereign –Example: USA, France

The Nation-State Nation-stateNation-state –Shared bonds TerritoryTerritory LanguageLanguage HistoryHistory Cultural valuesCultural values NationalityNationality –Designated political boundaries –Own independent gov’t

What unites people under Nationalism? USA as Example Territory – American soil includes 48 contiguous states, AL, HI, island territoriesTerritory – American soil includes 48 contiguous states, AL, HI, island territories Language – primarily EnglishLanguage – primarily English History – foundations through Amer. Revolution, Constitution, Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, etc.History – foundations through Amer. Revolution, Constitution, Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, etc. Culture – values of freedom, democracy, individuality, equality; Western fashion, etc.Culture – values of freedom, democracy, individuality, equality; Western fashion, etc. Religion – religious freedom (original settlers who escaped persecution)Religion – religious freedom (original settlers who escaped persecution) Nationality – identification as American creates common tie between groupsNationality – identification as American creates common tie between groups

Results of Nationalism Positive Results Overcame differences for common goodOvercame differences for common good Overthrow of colonial ruleOverthrow of colonial rule Democracy!!!Democracy!!! Spurred scientific & technological advancementsSpurred scientific & technological advancements Negative Results Forced assimilation of minority cultures to majority – examples? Ethnic cleansing (genocide) Extremism – examples? Warfare

Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? Empires that divided or fellEmpires that divided or fell –Collapse of Ottomans (after WWI) Greeks assert their independenceGreeks assert their independence –Austria splits into Austria-Hungary –Russia (Romanovs fell during WWI)

Nationalism – Unity or Disunity? States that unifiedStates that unified –ITALY Count Camillo di CavourCount Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi & “Red Shirts”Giuseppe Garibaldi & “Red Shirts” –GERMANY Otto von Bismarck & “Realpolitik”Otto von Bismarck & “Realpolitik”

Shift in Power Congress of Vienna had established five great powers of equal strengthCongress of Vienna had established five great powers of equal strength However….However…. –European balance of power breaks down