AI Evaluation David Nowell CIS 588 2/14/05 Baldur’s Gate

How is AI used in the game? Three types of NPC Characters: Allies Non-Offensive Characters Enemies

Allies These start off with programmed responses. If the player has them join the party, they are then under his control. You can control their every action, or give them more general guidelines and allow them to decide how to achieve the goal, or give them no guidelines and let them decide what to do. The actions of the NPCs is determined via customizable scripts, letting the player decide how he wants the characters to act.

Non-Offensive Characters These are usually “information points.” They are programmed to stay near a certain area and respond to the player with conversation, advice, or quests. The only time AI is used by these characters is if something unexpected happens, such as a player attacking them, or a combat occurring near Guardsmen

Enemies There are two different versions of these. The first type is the “Wandering Monster.” This creature is programmed to wander around a certain area of the map, and then goes into a combat mode when the player is seen near-by. The second type is a planned encounter. The character’s actions are scripted while encountering the player. After that, the AI takes over for the actual combat. The enemy AI is generally good, geared toward teamwork, such as formations & sneak attacks.

What AI techniques are used? Pathfinding Scripted Behavior

Pathfinding All characters uses this. You can click on a location on the map where you want to move to, and the character will find a route there, going around obstacles if necessary. Similarly, characters will use this to find a route to attack an enemy, or to get into position for a ranged attack.

Scripted Behavior This is the majority of the AI. It is similar to SOAR, in that there are rules, and if they are met, then a condition will trigger. This uses weights if multiple responses could be appropriate, but that's really just a shortcut for adding a random number condition to the IF statement. Example using 100% weights:

// if I am poisoned then cure it // try potions first, they are fastest and always work // sometimes the spells fail IF HitBy([ANYONE],POISON) HasItem("POTN20",Myself) THEN RESPONSE #100 UseItem("POTN20",Myself) END IF HitBy([ANYONE],POISON) HaveSpell(INNATE_SLOW_POISON) THEN RESPONSE #100 Spell(Myself,INNATE_SLOW_POISON) END

IF HitBy([ANYONE],POISON) HaveSpell(CLERIC_NEUTRALIZE_POISON) THEN RESPONSE #100 Spell(Myself,CLERIC_NEUTRALIZE_POISON) END IF HitBy([ANYONE],POISON) HaveSpell(CLERIC_SLOW_POISON) THEN RESPONSE #100 Spell(Myself,CLERIC_SLOW_POISON) END IF HitBy([ANYONE],POISON) THEN RESPONSE #100 Shout(POISONED) Continue() END

Tools used to implement the AI Baldur's Gate comes with a AI scripting language & compiler available to players. Each of the major character types have several sets of scripts that the player can choose as the default behavior for the NPC party members. In addition, you can create your own custom scripts to get NPCs to act exactly as you would prefer.

Example Script Descriptions THIEF AGGRESSIVE: The thief will attempt to hide in shadows when an enemy is not in sight. As soon as the thief is hidden, he will attempt to backstab the closest enemy. (THIEF1) THIEF DEFENSIVE: The thief will attack any enemies he notices who are attacking party members (including himself). HE will not move far away from the party leader, so if he's pursuing an enemy he will turn back and return to the party if he has gone too far. If the thief is reduced to 50% or lower hit points then he will run away and then attempt to hide in shadows and avoid combat. (THIEF2) THIEF PASSIVE: The thief will not move to engage enemies. If he is attacked from a distance he will reciprocate with missile weapons. If an enemy engages him in melee combat, then he will draw his melee weapon and attack. (THIEF3) THIEF RANGED ATTACK: The thief will attack any enemy when he sees them with the missle weapon he is most proficient with. He will try to keep his distance from enemies, but if he's attacked in melee combat he will switch to a melee weapon. (THIEF4)

Thief 1 Code (Aggressive) IF HPPercentLT(Myself,50) See(NearestEnemyOf(Myself)) THEN RESPONSE #100 Help() Continue() END IF Delay(10) THEN RESPONSE #100 Hide() END IF See(NearestEnemyOf(Myself)) THEN RESPONSE #100 AttackReevaluate(NearestEnemyOf(Myself),30) END

Thief 3 Code (Passive) IF HPPercentLT(Myself,50) See(NearestEnemyOf(Myself)) THEN RESPONSE #100 Help() Continue() END IF Delay(10) THEN RESPONSE #100 Hide() END IF See(NearestEnemyOf(Myself)) THEN RESPONSE #100 AttackReevaluate(NearestEnemyOf(Myself),30) END

Strengths of the AI - Environment-Aware - Will react differently based on conditions such as: Health Items available Terrain types - Customizable - Two otherwise similar AIs could have different scripts, making them seem unique to the player. - Good pathfinding & moving in formations

Weaknesses of the AI - Predictable - Under the same conditions, an AI will keep attempting the same actions - Doesn't learn - If an attack is ineffective, the engine will alert you of this. However, the AI does not use this information, but will continue attacking. - Inflexible - For every possible item / spell, need to spell it out in a script: IF haveSpell(LightningBolt) THEN... - If you have a character with multiple types of skills, makes things even harder. Ie, a Fighter / Mage AI party member who has spells or weapons that do approximately equal damage. To make the character use them intelligently requires intricate scripting

Effectiveness in improving game play? Effectiveness varies based on script & style. Default script has fairly stupid AI, does not add to gameplay Custom scripts can greatly improve gameplay - NPCs smart enough to do things like heal you w/o having to pause the game and command them makes the game much more enjoyable Downside is having to understand the scripts makes player aware of limitations in the AI. - Can’t be truly surprised by behavior of the AI, as would be possible with a “black box”