Graphene - Electric Properties

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Presentation transcript:

Graphene - Electric Properties Shpyrko Research Group. UCSD Oct 15th 2010 Jong Woo Kim

Motivation 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics Physicists Konstantin Novoselov (left) and Andre Geim of University of Manchester

History 1947 1984 2004 2005 Massless Dirac equation of Graphene G. W. Semenoff Massless Dirac Fermion Proved A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoseolv Y. Zhang, P. Kim 1947 1984 2004 2005 Isolated atomic layer from graphite A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoseolv Theory of Graphene P. R. Wallace [Fabrication techniques] CVD Epitaxial growth on SiC Chemical method by reducing agent

Graphene? Fullerene (Bucky ball*) Nanotube Graphene 0D 1D 2D * Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996

Graphene? Thin, mechanically strong, transparent and flexible conductor Can be used in touch screen, light panel, solar cells (ITO) and flexible display

Electrical Properties Verified Exotic Electrical Behaviors Dirac Fermions with zero effective mass Half-Integer Quantum Hall effect Novoselov, et al. Nature (2005), Zhang et al, Nature (2005) Klein Tunneling A. F. Young and P. Kim, Nature (2009) Revisited topics Quantum dot, p-n junction, nanoribbons, quantum point contacts, magnetotransport near neutrality point

Electrical Properties Exceptional Band Structure Dirac Cone Dirac Point Brillouin Zone

Electrical Properties Unique Band Structure Electrons in usual solids (Schrodinger equation) Energy Band Gap Momentum Energy Electrons in graphene (Dirac equation) Momentum

Electrical Properties Hall Effect Electric field developed across two faces of conductor in the direction j × H when a current j flows across a magnetic field H Quantum Hall Effect Discovered in 1980 σxy =νˑe2/h (ν is an integer) At low temperature and strong magnetic field Half-integer quantum Hall effect σxy =4ˑ(N+ ½)e2/h (N is an integer) At room temperature (300K) Novoselov et al, 2005

Electrical Properties Klein tunneling In 1929, Oscar Klein A tunnel barrier can become fully transparent for normal incidence of massless particles Test in graphene was suggested by Katsnelson, Geim and Noveselov in 2006 and verified by Young and Kim in 2009

Reference Novoselov et al. Nature. 438, 197-200 (2005) Zhang et al. Phys. Lett. 86, 073104 (2005) A. F. Young et al. Nature Phys. 5, 222 (2009) A. K. Geim. Science Vol. 324. no. 5934, pp. 1530 – 1534(2009)