Thomas Jefferson Middle School NJ Ask Life Science Review Just a few reminders to help you to do your best on the NJ ASK.

Cells The Cell Theory- The Cell Theory-

Cells Two Types of Cells: Two Types of Cells: –Prokaryotic Cells: Cells that do not contain a nucleus or organized organelles.  Example- Bacteria Cells –Eukaryotic-: Cells that contain a nucleus and organized (membrane bound) organelles.  Example: Plant and animal cells

Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus or organized organelles.

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Plant vs. Animal Cells

Classification of Living Things King Phillip came over for good spaghetti! -sapiens - Homo -Homidae -primates -mammalia -chordata -animalia -eukaryia

Classification of Living Things

Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells (sperm & egg). Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells (sperm & egg). –One parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.  Example: Bacteria

Asexual Reproduction The parent cell splits or divides to from a new cell! They are both the same! No genetic variation.

Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction in which the sex cells (sperm & egg) from two parents unite to produce offspring that share the traits (characteristics) of both parents. Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction in which the sex cells (sperm & egg) from two parents unite to produce offspring that share the traits (characteristics) of both parents. –Example: People, animals, plants

Sexual Reproduction As a result of sexual reproduction the offspring share the traits or characteristics of both parents.

Sexual Reproduction

Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Photosynthesis What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?

. Six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of water to form 1 molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen.

What is Cellular Respiration?

Cellular Respiration- The process that cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. Cellular Respiration- The process that cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

SUMMARY Photosynthesis

Genetics A Punnet Square is a tool that can be used to show how traits (genes) will be passed on from one generation to the next. Big “Y” is dominant over little “y” Yellow Pod Green pod Yellow pod

Genetics Genotype vs. Phenotype Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism. Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism. Phenotype- An organism’s appearance. Phenotype- An organism’s appearance. (What the organism looks like) (What the organism looks like)

Genetics Here the relation between genotype and phenotype is illustrated, using a Punnett square, for the character of petal color in pea. The letters B and b represent genes for color and the pictures show the resultant flowers. Punnett square

DNA DNA- A double helix molecule that carries all the inherited characteristics of an organism. DNA- A double helix molecule that carries all the inherited characteristics of an organism. –Your genes are found on your DNA. –Half your genes come from your mom, the other half come from your dad.

The Structure of DNA The letters represent a structure called a base. A = Adenine T = Thymine G = Guanine C = Cytosine “At Goldies Class”

Mutations When DNA is copied incorrectly mutations occur!

Levels of Organization

Organ Systems Nervous System, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive system Nervous System, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive system

Organ Systems Circulatory System Digestive System

Abiotic vs. Biotic Abiotic- The non-living parts of the environment. (rocks, air, water, light, temperature) Abiotic- The non-living parts of the environment. (rocks, air, water, light, temperature) Biotic- The living factors in the environment, (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi) Biotic- The living factors in the environment, (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi)

Abiotic vs. Biotic