UNIT 5 – CELL STRUCTURE

Flashcard Warm-Up  Cell The smallest unit of life. Some living organisms are made of only one cell and some are made of many cells. Cells can have very different shapes/functions, but there are 4 things they have in common.

IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS Robert Hooke – First to observe cells – looked at cork and gave individual units the name “cells” Anton von Leeuwenhoek – First to observe living cells – looked at scrapings from his cheek

CELL THEORY 1. All organisms are made of cells 2. Cells are the structural and functional units of organisms. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

TYPES OF CELLS: Prokaryotic: Small simple cells that are bacteria Eukaryotic: Larger complex cells that form plants, animals, fungi and protists

STRUCTURES IN ALL CELLS: * Cell membrane – forms the barrier to separate inside the cell from the outside environment *Cytoplasm – the filling of the cell, mostly water *DNA – molecule with directions to control the cell *Ribosome – organelle that builds proteins

Ticket out the Door  Sketch this cell.  Label it as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.  Label the four parts that all cells have.

Flashcard Warm-up  Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells  Use your notes from yesterday to write down how these two cell types are different Structures Found in All Cells  Use your notes from yesterday to write down four structures found in all cells and briefly describe each

Ribosome  One of the organelles that ALL cells have. This is where proteins are made. Some important functions of proteins are to be _________, ____________ or ______________.

CELL ORGANELLES Nucleus (Found only in eukaryotic) – region containing and protecting the DNA Cell membrane (Found in ALL cells) – made of two layers of phospholipids – controls what exits/enters the cell Ribsome (Found in ALL cells) – provides a place for amino acids to be joined into a protein

Lysosome (found in eukaryotic cells) – contains digestive to digest waste and cell structures ER (endoplasmic reticulum): change proteins, detoxify alcohol and communication Golgi Body/Complex: packaging center Vacuole: Membrane used to store food, water or waste Organelles in the Cytoplasm Video

Mitochondria (all eukary): has folded inner membrane for more surface to create energy during respiration Cell wall (plants): rigid structure made of cellulose to support plant cells Chloroplast (plants): has stacks of membranes for more surface area to create food during photosynthesis Centriole: helps with cell division; found only in animals

Plant vs. Animal Cells

ONLY in plant/plant- like cells ONLY in animal/ animal-like cells Cell wall Chloroplast Centriole But what else do plant cells contain? But what else do animal cells contain? Plant vs. Animal Cell Clip

Ticket out the door  Sketch the following organelles.  Label its name.  Identify what type of cell this would be in. (ALL cells, only prokaryotic, only eukaryotic, only plant or only animal)

Cell Communication: Short distance: Cells that touch or have a very small distance can use chemical or electrical signals Long distance: communication across long distances require long- lasting chemicals like hormones

Big Unit Review  Choose two vocabulary words that were not part of your assigned vocab and draw a picture for them.  Choose three words and write a sentence with them.  Create two questions of your own and answer ONE of them.  Create a news headline and paragraph about a major topic from this unit.