Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Health Effects of Pesticides on the Nervous System Helen Murphy – FNP, MHS Pacific Northwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (PNASH) School of Public Health University of Washington

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Pesticide Induced Signs and Symptoms Paresthesias Paresthesias Headache Headache Behavioral-mood disturbances Behavioral-mood disturbances Depression/stupor/ coma/respiratory failure Depression/stupor/ coma/respiratory failure Seizures Seizures Muscle twitching Muscle twitching Tetany, carpopedal spasms Tetany, carpopedal spasms Tremor Tremor Incoordination/ataxia Incoordination/ataxia Paresis, muscle weakness Paresis, muscle weakness Hypotensive shock Hypotensive shock Hypertension Hypertension

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Paresthesias Paresthesias Pyrethroids- cyno group (I) – facial Pyrethroids- cyno group (I) – facial Organophosphates (I) Organophosphates (I) Organochlorines (I) Organochlorines (I) Phosphides (R) Phosphides (R) Thiobendazole (Asc) Thiobendazole (Asc) Nicotine (late) Nicotine (late) Inorganic arsenicals (I) Inorganic arsenicals (I) Organic mercury (F) Organic mercury (F) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Thallium – painful (R) Thallium – painful (R) Facial - transitory Extremities

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Headache a common health outcome of pesticide exposure OP-Carbamates (I) OP-Carbamates (I) Nicotine (I) Nicotine (I) Metallic compounds (F): mercury, cadmium, copper, organotin Metallic compounds (F): mercury, cadmium, copper, organotin Thallium (R) Thallium (R) Fluoride (I) Fluoride (I) Borates (I) Borates (I) Naphthalene (moth balls) Naphthalene (moth balls) Phosphine (Fum) Phosphine (Fum) Halocarbon fumigants Halocarbon fumigants Creosote (wood preservative) Creosote (wood preservative) Diquat (H) Diquat (H) Cholecalciferol (R) Cholecalciferol (R) Cyanamid (Fum) Cyanamid (Fum)

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Behavioral-mood Disturbances confusion, excitement, mania, disorientation, emotional liability Organic mercury (F) Organic mercury (F) Inorganic arsenicals (F) Inorganic arsenicals (F) Organotin cmpds (F) Organotin cmpds (F) Thallium (R) Thallium (R) Nicotine (I) Nicotine (I) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Diquat (H) Diquat (H) Cyanide (Fum) Cyanide (Fum) Nitrophenols (H) Nitrophenols (H) Aminopyridine (bird bait) Aminopyridine (bird bait) Methylbromide (Soil fumigant - potatoes) Methylbromide (Soil fumigant - potatoes) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum)

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Depression, Stupor, Coma, Respiratory Failure without convulsions Op’s Op’s Carbamates Carbamates Sodium Fluoride (Fum) Sodium Fluoride (Fum) Borate Borate Diquat Diquat

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Seizures Seizures Organochlorines (I) Organochlorines (I) Strychnine – (R) Strychnine – (R) Crimidine – (R) Crimidine – (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Sodium fluoroacetate (R) Nicotine (I) Nicotine (I) Cyamide – (R) Cyamide – (R) Acrylonitrile (Fum) Acrylonitrile (Fum) Metaldehyde –(slug bait) Metaldehyde –(slug bait) Thallium – (R) Thallium – (R) DEET (repellent) DEET (repellent) Chlorobenzilate (Asc) Chlorobenzilate (Asc) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Carbon disulfide (Fum) Phosphine (Fum) Phosphine (Fum) Povidone-iodine (D) Povidone-iodine (D) Hexachlorophene (D) Hexachlorophene (D) Sodium chlorate (H) Sodium chlorate (H) Endothall (H) Endothall (H) Fluoride (I) Fluoride (I) R=Rodenticide I=Insecticide D=Disinfectant Asc=Ascaride Fum=Fumigant H=Herbicide F=fungicide

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Involuntary Muscle Movements OP’s OP’s Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum) Sulfuryl fluoride (Fum) Organic mercury Organic mercury Thallium Thallium OPs OPs Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Metaldehyde (slug bait) Metaldehyde (slug bait) Borates (roach and ant control) Borates (roach and ant control) FasciculationsTremors

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Incoordination & Muscle Weakness Halocarbon fumigants Halocarbon fumigants Ops Ops Carbamates Carbamates Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Nicotine Nicotine Thallium Thallium Inorganic arsenicals Inorganic arsenicals OP’s OP’s Carbamates Carbamates Nicotine Nicotine Ataxia – Incoordination Paralysis/Paresis Paralysis/Paresis

Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED) Murphy 2010 Neurological Effects on the Circulatory System Thallium (early) Thallium (early) Nicotine (early) Nicotine (early) OP’s OP’s Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphides Phosphides Phosphine Phosphine Sodium fluoride Sodium fluoride Sodium chlorate Sodium chlorate Borate Borate Thallium Thallium Endothall Endothall Cyanamide Cyanamide Hypertension Hypotensive Shock