Lecture 8 – 10/3/12: Views from Europe, the Far West & 1862 Strategy Europe & Its Relationship with the US – What’s at stake? Trent Affair – November – December 1861 War from the Far Western Perspective - Confederates in the far West War in Indian Country – Cherokees Divided --Stand Watie / Chief John Ross How Native Americans Tried to Capitalize on Chaos of War -- Minnesota Sioux [1862] 1861  62: The Importance of Water! to continue 1861 strategy Union river victories in Western Thtr. – [TN] The Tennessee & Cumberland Forts Henry & Donelson [Febr.]  Nashville, Shiloh Striking Down the Mississippi  Memphis [June] Coming Up the Mississippi  New Orleans [April] Eastern Battle of the Ironclads in Eastern Thtr. Monitor – Virginia [March 1862], Hampton Roads, Virginia McClellan’s Peninsular Campaign [May – June 1862]

Napoleon III Lord Palmerston Queen Victoria

James Mason [VA] Minister to Great Britain John Slidell [LA] Minister to France Trent Affair

Charles Francis Adams US diplomat to England “One war at a time”

Stand Watie Chief John Ross The Civil War divided the Cherokee Nation

Union Plan in Action (in 1861): 1) Gain Control of Mississippi River -- secure MO for confluence of big rivers there. 2) Blockade Coast – build and commission ships for blockade duty, gain an early foothold on Atlantic coast, try to enforce an incomplete blockade and convince Europe of its importance – Trent Affair. 3)Protect Washington DC and border states – early military activity in western VA (making West VA), MO, habeus corpus issues in MD. 4) Take Richmond – Battle of Manassas / Bull Run

Union Plan in Action (in 1862): 1) Gain Control of Mississippi River – Western River campaigns in Spring and Summer, capture key river cities – Memphis, New Orleans! 2) Blockade Coast – Strengthen blockade squadron 3)Protect Washington DC and border states – military engagements with the Confederates (Effective Stonewall Jackson) in the Shenandoah Valley 4) Take Richmond – Battle of the Ironclads, McClellan’s failed Peninsula Campaign

The conquest of TN by water Forts Henry & Donelson February 1862

Using Water in the East too! McClellan’s route to Richmond – switch things up  by sea, then land.

Monitor vs Virginia – March 1862

Fort Monroe, VA: Tip of the lower Peninsula