Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Learning Objectives Critically analyze social problems by identifying value perspectives and applying concepts of sociology, political science, and economics; Use knowledge and analyses of social problems to evaluate public policy, and to suggest policy alternatives, with special reference to questions of social justice, the common good, and public and individual responsibility.

Paper One Background of the Social Problem, Due 7/20/2010 Submit Papers in two ways – In Class on 7/20 – On turnitin.com by 11:59 p.m on 7/20 (5 pt deduction if you fail to do this The paper you turn into class is your graded paper No late papers

What is a minority group Does not refer to numerical size Minority groups: – Share distinct physical or cultural characteristics – Are denied access to resources available to other groups – Accorded fewer rights, privileges and opportunities

Protected Classes A much more accurate and precise term characteristics or factors which can not be targeted for discrimination and harassment

Federally Protected Classes Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Race – Color – Religion – National origin – Gender Age Disability status Veteran status Genetic Information

Terms to Know Prejudice Discrimination They are not the Same thing

Sources of P&D Ethnocentrism Economic Competition Stereotyping

Exclusion Limiting full participation

Segregation De Jure De Facto

Expulsion Native Americans Japanese

Genocide- discrimination at its worst

Ascribed Statuses Genetically Ascribed People shape opinions based on these

Discrimination based on Gender

Gender It is an ascribed status Gender Inequality is called Sexism

The move for Gender Equality Early Feminist Movement- Political and Economic – Propertly laws – Working Conditions – 18 th and 19 th Amendment Gender and the Courts- policy must be reasonable and not arbitrary, and must rest on some ground of difference

The Current Status of Gender Equity policy must be reasonable and not arbitrary, and must rest on some ground of difference. Some Exemptions still exist

Gender Discrimination in Education De Jure segregation is illegal Title IX Where we have seen gains

Where Gender discrimination in Education still exists Career Choice (de facto) Going on For Terminal Degrees (J.D, PHD, M.D)

Work Place Discrimination Women are close to 50% of the Workforce Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

Gender Discrimination in the Work Force Tends to be De Jure Occupational selection A dual labor market- Pink Collar Jobs A Glass Ceiling

The Wage Gap Women earn about 77% of what men earn (full-time, for the same Year) This is not Unique to the United States

The Wage Gap over Time

Why the Wage Gap Occupational Sex-Segregation Longevity Family and Children Negotiations

Women in the Military Women are 15% of the Armed Forces Some areas Remain Closed off

Gender discrimination against males Avoidance of female dominated professions Insurance rates based on gender The Military Draft

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Race and Ethnicity Not the Same Race is biological Ethnic groups are cultural

African Americans Largest non-white racial group in the U.S. First African Americans arrived in 1619 No other group experienced Slavery in America

Dred Scot vs Sanford Involved a slave suing for his freedom Court ruled that he had no standing to sue Set the groundwork for the Civil War

The Ending of Slavery 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment

Racial Discrimination after Reconstruction Very Common throughout the U.S. De Facto in the North De Jure in the South (Jim Crow Laws)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Court ruled in favor of de jure segregation Equal protection of the law did not apply to non-political equality or to the actions of states.

The Development of Civil Rights Policy Initial Goals The Role of Public Opinion

The Role of the 14 th Amendment Original Purpose State Segregation

Brown Case (1954) Class action suit involving 4 states Court struck down De Jure segregation Resistance to The Decision

The Current Racial Balance of Schools De Facto Segregation Rules the Day Federalism and Funding are the reasons.

Civil Rights act of 1964 Adds Teeth to the Brown Decision Ends Segregation through Law Cross-Cutting legislation regarding federal funding

Voting Rights act of 1965 Ends State attempts to deny suffrage to African-Americans African Americans vote at almost the same rates as Whites today.

Affirmative Action Results vs. Opportunities Hard Quotas are a violation Racial Preferences may be used

Despite these gains, African Americans Still Lag in Education Health Care Economics