JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS PSSA SAFETY TRAINING 2015 PRESENTED BY SUE MAAS, CHMM ARGUS PACIFIC, INC.

WHAT IS A JSA? (a.k.a. Job Hazard Analysis or Job Risk Analysis)  A Safety version of the “7 Ps”: Prior Proper Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance!  Pre-examining & pre-planning a job acitivity in order to do it safely  Communication of JSA to/motivation of crew to use process  Flexible process for simple to complex jobs  Important to get management commitment

OSHA JHA (a.k.a. JSA) DEFINITION  A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur  It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools and the work environment  Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level  Not same thing as an SOP

JSAs are useful for ANY activity 24/7, such as having a safe & successful fishing adventure…

JSA MAIN PARTS  Define job: Understand tasks/steps of job & conditions at time of job  Identify/evaluate hazards of each task  Determine controls for each task hazard:  Engineering controls  Administrative controls  Work practices  PPE

LEVELS OF JSA  INFORMAL (mental or conversational; not documented)  Lower risk/more simple & routine activities  FORMAL (documented)  Higher risk/more complex activities

INFORMAL JSA  For frequent & lower risk/simple tasks  Worker(s) think/talk things through; not usually written procedures  Similar to Tool box talks/tailgate safety meetings  Job requires typically only 1-2 workers  The worker(s) doing the job perform the JSA  No approvals needed; supervisor not necessary  Worker(s) mentally/verbally outline task & estimate risk  When: just before job is done  Where: near/at location of job  Record-keeping not required

FORMAL JSA  More complex job with multiple & detailed tasks  Higher risk tasks  May be larger crew; all should have input  Documented; records kept  Supervisor oversees JSA development; approval required  More formalized risk assessment/ranking process  Conducted in advance to allow planning/creation of form  May be repeated just before job is carried out

FORMAL OR INFORMAL JSA?  Hand-carrying boxes of stores through passageways/ladderways  Painting or chipping in open air  Routine housekeeping- mopping deck  Chipping paint in an enclosed or confined space  Fueling operations  Changing air conditioner filter  Welding guardrail onto moored barge in icy conditions  Welding in enclosed or confined space  *INFORMAL  FORMAL  *INFORMAL  FORMAL *Workers should have option of formal JSA if higher risks assessed or risks are uncertain

IF INFORMAL JSA IS ENOUGH…  What are the tasks?  Understood by all  Workers have necessary experience/comfortable w/ job  What are possible hazards?  Work area conditions, lighting, location, weather, etc  Equipment/tools to be used/condition of  People nearby affected  360: look up, down, around  Everyone gives input

 Who will do what?  What equipment will be used/hazard controls?  Tools/equipment  PPE  Exposure monitoring if needed  Barricades/barriers  Communication IF INFORMAL JSA IS ENOUGH (Cont’d)

SO, YOU NEED A FORMAL JSA… WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW? 1. WHAT IS THE JOB (WHAT ARE TASKS)?  What specific steps/tasks make up the job?  What are the risks of each task (qualitative judgement)?  Who will perform the tasks?  Does everyone understand tasks? Need any training?  When will each task be done (time of day, weather /environmental limitations, etc)?  What kind of tools and equipment will be needed?  What kind of communication (radios, etc) will be needed?

FORMAL JSA:  Types of hazards:  Exposures (chemicals, gases, noise, UV, radiation, etc)  Slips, trips, falls  Electrical  Struck-by/caught-between  Heavy equipment  Cuts  Sprains/strains  Biological  Environmental (heat and cold, visibility)  Other jobs/activities nearby that affect workers/tasks  What are the risks of each task?  Rank the risks  Do any tasks need their own JSA?? 2. WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS FOR EACH TASK?

SAMPLE TASKS & HAZARDS

RANKING RISKS OF EACH HAZARD 2. Evaluate each hazard’s risk Qualitative judgement, for example:  Severe  High  Moderate  Low  Re-assess rankings after controls selected

FORMAL JSA 3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED?  Engineering controls: focus on managing hazard at the source:  Can it be eliminated?  Isolate  Contain  Ventilate  Is equipment available & in good condition?  Does everyone know how to use equipment?  Does the engineering control present its own hazards?  IMPORTANT: double-check each control’s effectiveness after implementation – JSA is on-going

FORMAL JSA 3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED? (Cont’d)  Administrative controls: focus on managing people  Policies & procedures  Training  Scheduling  Work zones  Communication system  Do you have enough people?  Do they all understand the work and any hazards?  Is everyone ready to do job (physically & mentally)?

FORMAL JSA 3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED? (Cont’d)  Work practices: tools and techniques to deal with hazard  What tools are needed?  What hazards are created by tools/activity?  Are there alternative methods/tools that are safer?

FORMAL JSA 3. HOW WILL THE HAZARDS BE CONTROLLED? (Cont’d)  PPE: personal protective equipment to protect against exposure to hazard:  Head  Eyes  Hearing  Respiratory  Hands  Feet  Body

FORMAL JSA  Once controls are implemented, does everything work the way it should?  Do the controls reduce the risk to the acceptable level (ranking)?  Does this job REALLY need to be done?  Have workers/supervisors involved sign their part of form  JSA documentation supports development of SOPs

JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT  Tasks/steps  Hazards  Controls

JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT  Tasks/steps  Hazards  Controls

JSA FOR HOT WORK WITH LEAD PAINT  Tasks/steps  Hazards  Controls

CLOSING THOUGHTS ABOUT JSAs  JSA practice is more effective if:  Management is supportive, communicates commitment to JSA process consistently!  All affected workers are involved in the process:  ‘the whole is greater than sum of parts…’  each worker has a unique perspective to contribute to JSA’s being as complete as possible  Keeps workers engaged- directly impacts their safety  Process should be balanced between covering enough detail without being burdensome

MORE RESOURCES OSHA JHA Publication:  OSHA JHA Detailed form:  10/Detailed_Project_Hazard_Form.pdf 10/Detailed_Project_Hazard_Form.pdf OSHA Shipyard Employment eTool  WA Labor & Industries JHA info: ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) Job Safety Analysis For The Marine and Offshore Industries  guides/current/other/198_jobsafetyanalysis/jsa_gn_e.pdf guides/current/other/198_jobsafetyanalysis/jsa_gn_e.pdf