Key Components of.NET Framework  Common Language Runtime  CLR at Design time  CLR at Runtime  Class Library  Assemblies  Namespaces  ASP.NET  Applications created in ASP.NET  Advantages of ASP.NET over ASP  Upgrading from ASP to ASP.NET DOTNET Technologies CHAPTER II

2 Base Class Library Common Language Specification Common Language Runtime ADO.NET: Data and XML VB.NETVC++VC# Visual Studio.NET ASP.NET: Web Services and Web Forms JScriptPerl… Windows Forms / User Interface Framework, Languages, And Tools

3.NET Framework Framework Class Library ADO.NET Network XML Security Threading Diagnostics IO Etc. Common Language Runtime Memory Management Common Type SystemLifecycle Monitoring C# VB.NET C++.NET Other Operating System VisualStudio.NETVisualStudio.NET Common Language Specification Windows Forms ASP.NETASP.NET Web Services ASP.NET Application Services Web FormsControlsDrawing Windows Application Services

4 CLR The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a core component of Microsoft's.NET initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution environment for program code. In the CLR, code is expressed in a form of bytecode called the Common Intermediate Language (CIL, previously known as MSIL— Microsoft Intermediate Language). Developers using the CLR write code in a language such as C# or VB.NET. At compile time, a.NET compiler converts such code into CIL code. At runtime, the CLR's just-in-time compiler converts the CIL code into code native to the operating system. Alternatively, the CIL code can be compiled to native code in a separate step prior to runtime by using the Native Image Generator (NGEN). This speeds up all later runs of the software as the CIL-to-native compilation is no longer necessary.

5 CLR at Design time While designing, CLR automates routinely performed tasks, like memory mgmt. So the designer can concentrate on building their application instead of checking the state of variables, objects,etc. –Ex. AddReference & Release methods should be used for adding and removing references. Incorrect usage of methods may lead to flaw. –For these the services of CLR may help the programmers.. The CLR allows programmers to ignore many details of the specific CPU that will execute the program. It also provides other important services, including the following: –Memory Management –Thread Management –Exception Handling –Garbage Collection –Security Provides feature like Reflection which simplifies the development of COM-based Applications. –Reflection is a namespace that contains classes and interfaces to expose the functionality of COM objects

6 CLR at Runtime Enhanced exception handling Interoperable types Common Type System Common Language Specification.NET Framework Common Type System Common Language Specification Interoperable Applications Managed Code Relationship between managed code, the CTS, and CLS.

7 Class Library Assemblies Namespaces –System Namespaces contains fundamental types of.NET framework. Classes includes System. Array; Console; Convert; Math; Random; String –Microsoft Namespaces Provides collection of namespaces developed MS and not directly related to VS.NET.

8 ASP.NET It is next version of ASP. Offers new programming model for web site development. Object-oriented and enables to create any application Application compiled by.NET framework environment

9 Applications of ASP.NET WEB Applications: A web application is any application that uses a web browser as a client. The application can be as simple as a message board or a guest sign-in book on a website, or as complex as a word processor or a spreadsheet. Uses HTML or any Visual Web languages with markup specifications Web Services: A Web Service is programmable application logic accessible via standard Web protocols. One of these Web protocols is the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). SOAP is a W3C submitted note that uses standards based technologies (XML for data description and HTTP for transport) to encode and transmit application data. (Platform- independent XML-based remote services) Consumers of a Web Service do not need to know anything about the platform, object model, or programming language used to implement the service; they only need to understand how to send and receive SOAP messages (HTTP and XML). Server Controls: –Server controls are tags that are understood by the server. –There are three kinds of server controls: HTML Server Controls - Traditional HTML tags Web Server Controls - New ASP.NET tags Validation Server Controls - For input validation

10 Advantages of ASP.NET over ASP 12 important advantages ASP.NET offers over other Web development models: 1. ASP.NET drastically reduces the amount of code required to build large applications. 2. With built-in Windows authentication and per-application configuration, your applications are safe and secured. 3. It provides better performance by taking advantage of early binding, just- in-time compilation, native optimization, and caching services right out of the box. 4. The ASP.NET framework is complemented by a rich toolbox and designer in the Visual Studio integrated development environment. WYSIWYG editing, drag-and-drop server controls, and automatic deployment are just a few of the features this powerful tool provides. 5. Provides simplicity as ASP.NET makes it easy to perform common tasks, from simple form submission and client authentication to deployment and site configuration. 6. The source code and HTML are together therefore ASP.NET pages are easy to maintain and write. Also the source code is executed on the server. This provides a lot of power and flexibility to the web pages.

11 Advantages continues.. 7. All the processes are closely monitored and managed by the ASP.NET runtime, so that if process is dead, a new process can be created in its place, which helps keep your application constantly available to handle requests. 8. It is purely server-side technology so, ASP.NET code executes on the server before it is sent to the browser. 9. Being language-independent, it allows you to choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your application across many languages. 10. ASP.NET makes for easy deployment. There is no need to register components because the configuration information is built-in. 11. The Web server continuously monitors the pages, components and applications running on it. If it notices any memory leaks, infinite loops, other illegal activities, it immediately destroys those activities and restarts itself. 12. Easily works with ADO.NET using data-binding and page formatting features. It is an application which runs faster and counters large volumes of users without having performance problems ***Advantages also includes Compiled code, Efficient data access, Optimized state management, Improved Caching, East update to applications, Multiple audience targeting and OOP

12 Upgrading from ASP to ASP.NET Create a new application in Visual Studio.NET. Upgrade the existing application by changing the file extension.  From - Nithin Pandey, Yesh Singhal, Mridula Parihar, “Visual Studio.Net Programming”, 2002, Wiley Dreamtech P Ltd, New Delhi