Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman Chapter 10: Life Span Development II Presented by: Mani Rafiee

Lecture Overview Moral Development Personality Development Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood Grief and Death

Moral Development Kohlberg developed a model of moral development based on responses to moral dilemmas.

Moral Development— Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 1: punishment-obedience orientation Stage 2: instrumental-exchange orientation CONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 3: good child orientation Stage 4: law-and-order orientation POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 5: social-contract orientation Stage 6: universal ethics orientation

Personality Development Thomas & Chess’s Temperament Theory Temperament: Basic, inborn disposition. Three temperament styles: easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up. Styles seem consistent and enduring.

Personality Development: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 years) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years) Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years) Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (late adulthood)

Personality Development— Myths of Development Myth #1- Adolescence is a time of great storm and stress. Myth #2- Most people experience a midlife crisis in their middle years. Myth #3- Most parents experience a painful empty-nest syndrome when children leave home.

Personality Development— Myth of the Empty Nest Syndrome

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Marriage Research shows good marriages: Establish “love maps.” Share power and provide mutual support. Practice conflict management. Share similar values, beliefs, interests, etc. Create a supportive social environment. Maintain a positive emphasis.

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Families Important family factors in development: Violence Teen pregnancy Divorce

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood-Work and Retirement Work: How can we find a career that best matches our personality and interests?

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood-Work and Retirement Retirement: Should we follow the activity, disengagement, or socio-emotional selectivity theory?

Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood—The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Grief and Death Grief is a natural reaction to loss. Four Major Stages of Grief: Numbness Yearning Disorganization/Despair Resolution

Grief and Death Cultures interpret and respond to death differently.

Grief and Death (Continued) Kübler-Ross developed a five stage theory of the psychological processes surrounding death: Denial (“It can’t be true!”) Anger (“Why me? It’s not fair!”) Bargaining (“I’ll change everything!”) Depression (“I’ve lost everything.”) Acceptance (“I know my time is near.”)

Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman End of Chapter 10: Life Span Development II Presented by: Mani Rafiee