Using the Comma Class Notes

Rule #1 Use commas to separate lists of three or more. Example: I went to the store to buy milk, juice, and eggs.

Rule #2 Commas and conjunctions join independent clauses. Example: We can go to the grocery store, or we can walk to the mall.

Rule #3 Use commas to separate independent and dependent clauses when the dependent clause comes first. Example: When the flight lands, I will hug my family.

Rule #4 Use commas to separate nonessential words and phrases from the rest of the sentence. For example: appositives, direct addresses, and interrupters. Example: My brother, Joe, graduated from college yesterday.

John, a student, received an excellent grade in my class. (appositive)

Rule #5 Use commas between adjectives of equal rank that modify the same noun. Example: That is a decorative, colorful symbol. Hint: If you can put “and” between the adjectives, you can use a comma.

Rule #6 Use commas to separate quotes. Example: Sheila said, “Flowers are beautiful.” or “Flowers,” said Sheila, “are beautiful.”

Rule #7 Commas are used to set apart direct addresses. Example: Robert, will you open the door?

Rule #8 Commas are used to set apart introductory words and phrases. Example: Before lunch, we finished all of our business matters.

Rule #9 Commas separate days and months. If the sentence continues, use a comma after the year. Example: I will arrive on Friday, December 25th.

Rule #10 Commas separate towns, states, and countries. If the sentence continues, use a comma after the state. Example: Morehead, Kentucky, is a wonderful place to live.

Rule #11 Use a comma after the greeting of a friendly letter and after the closing of a friendly or a business letter. Examples: Dear Bob, Sincerely,