Ecology part 1
1. What is the study of interactions between organisms and the environment? Ecology
2. Define biotic factor and give 2 examples. -Living (or once living) organisms -trees/plants -animals/humans
3.Define abiotic factor and give 2 examples. -nonliving parts of the environment -metal -plastic
4.What is the area an organism live in called? habitat
5.What is another word for “role” of an organism? Give 2 examples. -niche -food gathering -protection
6.Put the 6 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest and define each. ecosystem Biome Biosphere population organism
7.What 4 factors can affect an ecosystem? -climate change -human activity -change in population size -intro. Of nonnative species
8.What is the total sum of the variety of organisms in a biosphere called? biodiversity
9.What 4 things can affect the previous answer? -alteration in habitat -hunting species to extinction -introducing poisons/toxins -introducing nonnative species
10.What is the # of various habitats, communities and ecological process in the world? Ecosystem diversity
11.What is the definition of species diversity? The variety of species in an area Woodland B
12. Define genetic diversity? The total sum of ALL of the genes in the world
13. What are the 2 types of relationships between organisms? -Predator-Prey -Symbiosis
14. Which one is + for one organism but – because it results in death? Predator-prey
15. Define symbiosis and list the 3 types. -close & permanent relationship between 2 organisms (no killing) -mutualism -commensalism -parasitism
16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship 16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship? Give 2 examples. -mutualism -Egyptian bird & Nile crocodile -Bees & flowers
17. What type of symbiosis is beneficial for one organism, but doesn’t bother the other (+0)? Give 2 examples. -commensalism -Barnacles on a whale -clown fish and anemone
18. What type of symbiosis is harmful (not directly deadly) for one organism and beneficial for the other (+-)? Give 2 examples. -parasitism -flea and dog -tapeworm in humans
19. What does an autotroph make? Its own food
20. What is another word for autotroph and basically who are autotrophs? -producer -plants
21. What is another word for consumer and where do they get their food? -heterotrophs -feeding on other organisms
22. Heterotrophs that eat: Only plants- herbivores Only animals- carnivores Both animals and plants- omnivores
23. Animals that feed on dead animal bodies are known as scavengers or detritivores two examples are vultures and hyenas.
24. What are organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms? Give 2 and examples. -Decomposers -bacteria -fungi
25. What shows only one path of energy flow? Food chain
26. What shows ALL possible energy relationships? Food web
27. Why are food webs more informational than food chains? They represent nature better than food chains (several feeding relationships)
28. What is ALWAYS at the beginning of both food chains and food webs? Producers/autotrophs
29. What are the most vital parts of the food web? Producers and decomposers
30. What are the levels starting with primary? primary to secondary to tertiary
31. What are the steps called? Trophic level
32. What do arrows show? What don’t they show? -direction of energy flow -what an organism eats
33. What shows the amount of energy passed on in the food chain? Energy pyramid
34. Comparatively, is more energy stored in the organism or lost as heat? More is lost in heat
35. __% of energy is passed to the next level and __% is lost to heat and the environment. 10% 90%
36. If there is 100 grams of energy at the primary level, approximately, how much is going to be available at the secondary level? 10grams
37. Where on the pyramid is the energy the MOST plentiful? Producer/bottom