Nationalism

Nationalism The belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture. The belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture. Includes common history, language, religion and nationality. Includes common history, language, religion and nationality.

2 Types of Nationalist Movements 1. Unification: People of common culture from different nations were joined together People of common culture from different nations were joined together 2. Separation: Groups splintered off from their current government to form one that was more representative of their own interests. Groups splintered off from their current government to form one that was more representative of their own interests.

Liberals and radicals led nationalist movements in Europe.

Nationalism in France Napoleon was defeated in Napoleon was defeated in Congress of Vienna put monarchs back in power & tried to suppress the democratic movement of the French Revolution. Congress of Vienna put monarchs back in power & tried to suppress the democratic movement of the French Revolution. Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity had already spread. Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity had already spread. These ideals inspired other nationalist movements. These ideals inspired other nationalist movements.

The Congress of Vienna Met to decide the fate of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Met to decide the fate of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. Wanted to keep a balance of power between the major countries of Europe. Wanted to keep a balance of power between the major countries of Europe.

Nationalism in the Balkans Greece rebelled against the Ottoman Empire in Greece rebelled against the Ottoman Empire in Gained independence in Gained independence in 1830.

Revolutions occurred in Belgium, Italy and Russia.

France Charles X tried to establish an absolute monarchy in Charles X tried to establish an absolute monarchy in He was replaced by Louis-Philippe. He was replaced by Louis-Philippe. Louis-Philippe lost favor with the French people and lost control in Louis-Philippe lost favor with the French people and lost control in He was overthrown. He was overthrown. France was made a republic. France was made a republic.

After France was made a republic… Radicals were divided… Radicals were divided… They had different ideas about what to do next! They had different ideas about what to do next! Moderates took control! Moderates took control! Elected a president: Elected a president: Louis Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew Louis Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew Established a parliamentary system Established a parliamentary system

Louis-Napoleon He eventually took the title of Emperor Napoleon III. He eventually took the title of Emperor Napoleon III. Stabilized & Industrialized France! Stabilized & Industrialized France!

Nationalism in Italy

Stirrings of Nationalism Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empire Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government Napoleon invaded Italy Napoleon invaded Italy United many states under one government United many states under one government Unification did not last Unification did not last After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe

Italian Unification Piedmont-Sardinia was the largest/most powerful Italian state Piedmont-Sardinia was the largest/most powerful Italian state Liberal Constitution Liberal Constitution Many Italians wanted to be unified under this state! Many Italians wanted to be unified under this state! Austria occupied northern Italy Austria occupied northern Italy Count Camillo di Cavour, with French help, won northern Italy from Austria. Count Camillo di Cavour, with French help, won northern Italy from Austria. Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Sicily in the south. Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Sicily in the south. Army of Red Shirts Army of Red Shirts

Italian Unification Cont’d Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite the two sections. Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite the two sections King Victor Emmanuel II led the united Italy King Victor Emmanuel II led the united Italy. Rome was capital. Rome was capital. Venetia and the Papal States were soon added. Venetia and the Papal States were soon added.

German Nationalism

The German Confederation 39 loosely joined states 39 loosely joined states Austria and Prussia were the largest/most powerful German states. Austria and Prussia were the largest/most powerful German states.

Prussia Germanic population Germanic population Powerful army Powerful army Liberal constitution Liberal constitution Kaiser Wilhelm I was in power. Kaiser Wilhelm I was in power. Supported by the Junkers Supported by the Junkers Appointed Otto Von Bismarck (a Junker) to be Prime Minister. Appointed Otto Von Bismarck (a Junker) to be Prime Minister.

Bismarck Bismarck took control of Prussia. Bismarck took control of Prussia. Realpolitik: the politics of reality Realpolitik: the politics of reality He said that decisions would be made by “blood and iron.” He said that decisions would be made by “blood and iron.” Wanted German unification! Wanted German unification!

German Unification 3 Wars of German Unification. These were with… 3 Wars of German Unification. These were with… 1. Denmark 2. Austria 3. France

Germany V Denmark Austria and Prussia formed an alliance to take land from Denmark. Austria and Prussia formed an alliance to take land from Denmark.

The Seven Weeks War Bismarck purposefully created border conflicts with Austria to provoke them into declaring war on Prussia. Bismarck purposefully created border conflicts with Austria to provoke them into declaring war on Prussia.

The Franco-Prussian War Bismarck needed support from the rest of the German states. Bismarck needed support from the rest of the German states. Changed the wording of a telegram to make it seem like Wilhelm I had insulted the French ambassador to Prussia. Changed the wording of a telegram to make it seem like Wilhelm I had insulted the French ambassador to Prussia. Published the telegram in the media. Published the telegram in the media. French were mad and declared war. French were mad and declared war. This began the Franco-Prussian War. This began the Franco-Prussian War. Napoleon III was defeated. Napoleon III was defeated. Germany was unified!!! Germany was unified!!!