Embrapa in Africa: examples of successes Erich Schaitza Embrapa Africa - Gana Erich Schaitza Embrapa Africa - Gana

Brazilian Agriculture Food, fibers and energy production *Presentation slides updated in October Brazil Area Preservation Urban areas Agriculture Areas to expand (available) Million (km 2 ) %

Brazilian Agriculture Brazil’s annual agricultural production (million tons) Grains200 Meats25 Fruits41 Brazil »2nd largest world exporter »Largest world exporter of beef, coffee, sugar, orange juice and poultry in 2010 Source: IBGE, Conab and MDIC. Contribution of Agriculture 28% GDP 37% Labour 42% Exports

Commercial agriculture

Source: Ministry of Agrarian Development Photo: Cláudio Morões »Cassava % »Milk % »Beans % »Beef % »Poultry % »Corn % »Pork % »Rice % Contribution of Family Farming Brazilian Agriculture »Farming area: million hectares »12 million producers (1/3 of them are women) »24% of agricultural area »84% of land owners in Brazil

New Agricultural Challenges »Sustainable increase in agricultural production for food and energy Use of degraded areas Management of rain forests »Climate Change Cultivars adaptation to new diseases, drought etc. Water in agriculture

Brazilian Agriculture Growth of Agricultural Productivity - Grains Grain production/area (million tons & ha) Source: Conab. 2010/11

Embrapa Mission To design research, development and innovation solutions for the sustainability of agriculture for the benefit of the Brazilian society. Institutional Profile »Established in 1973 »~9,800 employees »~2,400 researchers »~2,000 PhD researchers »47 Research Centers and Services »International Cooperation: Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa »Yearly Budget: US$ 1.1 billion (before this year)

Offices abroad Washington Londres Julich Montpellier Seul Xangai Tokyo Caracas Panama Accra –2006 –2008

Research is an importante part of change but it is not the main driving force Farmers are central, they are the ones that promote changes Farmers organization in cooperatives or associations is key to development Credit pulls farmer actions Extension teaches farmers how to do Market organization gives money to farmers Value chain suppliers (equipment, fertilizers, engineering etc) transform research results into innovation Research supports extension explaining why they should do things and by being ready to solve problems New actors are playing with agriculturists: water supply and energy companies, banks, urban people etc.

A single country, many different situations and a diversified agriculture 26 states, each one with the size of a country Opportunity to cooperate with States and not only with Brazil Southern Brazil Cerrado in Southeast and Central Amazon forest The semi-arid

Some contrasts of Brazilian and African agriculture Africa is enormous and very diverse. It is difficult to talk about a collective Africa, but... In Subsaharian Africa: –Many very small farmers –Tribal land tenure –Low tech –Subsistence –Low integration and non-structured markets –Losses and post harvest problems –Some few large companies Scale of production Language barrier

Credit Vocational education Extension: public and private Organization of producers: Cooperatives and verticalization Integration of value chain actors Integration of production: corn+chicken Market organization: Use of government purchase power (as presented by FAO-BR)

International projects Technical cooperation –Demand driven –Negotiated by the Brazilian Agency of Cooperation (ABC) Scientific cooperation –Common interest Projects of national interest Hired research (almost never happens) “Pirate” projects - informal

Some examples of success and failures Africa Brazil Agricultural Innovation Market Place: –Innoculant for cowpea in Ghana –Napier grass in Ethiopia Cotton 4 (Chad, Burkina, Mali and Benin) now growing to Cotton 4 plus Togo and being replicated in East and Southern Africa The wolf and the goats in Ethiopia Grants for graduate and postgraduate studies in Brazil Examples from private sector: –Cashew, rice, forests for energy and Kikapu silo

The case of forages in Brazil and Africa: Not a success, not a failure, but a good perspective to the future Forages in a project under preparation by CIAT and 8 countries South-South cooperation financed by Canada Africa is the origin of the main grasses of Brazil African grasses in Brazil have very high yield Can we grow together and benefit from biodiversity and high yield?

Scientific colaboration Africa-Brazil Agricultural Innovation Market Place; One annual call for projects; 40 to 50 projects with activities; From development of cultivars or vaccines to new equipment and processes

Ghana Innoculants for cowpea (SARI) Innoculants for ground nut (SARI) Cultivation of edible mushrooms (FRI) Tools to plant and harvest cassava (CRI) Agric residue as feedstock to fishes (CRI) Industrialization of the cashew apple (FRI) Development of a stove to substitute the cold-pan in cooking and to produce biochar (University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani) Alimentary safety of small ruminants during dry seasons (UN University)