Pre-Columbian Civilizations and European Settlement Unit

Native Cultures ► Southwest  Pueblos  Farming with irrigation systems  Maize  Known for their stone & masonry dwellings ► Northwest  Hunting & Gathering  Fishing  Carved large totem poles

Native Cultures… ► Great Basin/Great Plains  Nomadic hunters – buffalo  Lived in tepees  Farming tribes lived along rivers & traded with others  Lakota Sioux acquired horses & moved away from farming ► Eastern Woodlands  Hunting, fishing, & farming  Adena-Hopewell known for large earthen mounds  Iroquois Confederation – highly organized; tribes united with a common council of clan & village chiefs

Great Serpent Mount - Ohio Great Plains native lifestyle Cliff Palace – Colorado Totem poles – Pacific Northwest

European Colonization ► ► Why was 1492 a major turning point?   Led to massive demographic & social changes in Europe, Africa, and the Americas ► ► Why colonize?   God   Glory   Gold ► ► Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange

Smallpox and Natives c

Smallpox

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

European Colonies