Carbon Chemistry CO 2 CH 2 O CH 4 oxidizedreduced low energyhigh energy chemistry of life chemistry of the earth.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbon Chemistry CO 2 CH 2 O CH 4 oxidizedreduced low energyhigh energy chemistry of life chemistry of the earth

CO 2 + H 2 O CH 2 O + O 2 photosynthesis respiration organic carbon burial atmospheric O 2

Organic carbon on Earth Kerogen Minable coal Oil Gas Clathrates 1,200,000 5, ,000 Gton C

Natural Carbon Cycle

A t m o s p h e r i c p C O 2, p p m A t m o s p h e r i c p C O 2, p p m Year Mauna Loa, Hawaii Barrow, Alaska

C O 2 ( p p m )  T, C Age (kyr BP) M e t h a n e ( p p m )

Oil Distribution

Oil Reserve/Production

Hubbert’s Peak

Sperm Oil Hubbert

U.S. Oil Production B i l l i o n B a r r e l s p e r y e a r G t o n C p e r y e a r U.S. Oil Hubbert

World Oil Production Hubbert Peaks 200Gton C eventual 500Gton C eventual 117Gton C already extracted B i l l i o n b a r r e l s p e r y e a r Year World Oil Hubbert

Methane hydrates

Clathrate Sensitivity to Temperature S t e a d y S t a t e M e t h a n e I n v e n t o r y, G t o n C Ocean Temperature, Offset from Present Day Coal Oil/Gas LGM Today Future?

Energy

U.S. Energy

Energy Consumption Per Person k i l o W a t t s G l o b a l U. S. F r a n c e D e n m a r k J a p a n C h i n a I n d i a B r a z i l t e r a W a t t s Energy Consumption Energy Consumption per DollarGDP W a t t s

GasOilCoal Carbon Emission per Energy Yield G t o n C p e r t e r a W a t t

Carbon released per person m e t r i c t o n s G l o b a l U. S. F r a n c e D e n m a r k J a p a n C h i n a I n d i a B r a z i l Carbon per dollarGDP k i l o g r a m s B i l l i o n m e t r i c t o n s ( G t o n ) Carbon release inCO 2 per year

Climate

Long Lifetime of CO 2

800 Kyr Before Present I n s o l a t i o n, W / m 2 I c e V o l u m e i 0 Trigger-minima Red = Trigger-minima events

C r i t i c a l I n s o l a t i o n i 0, W / m 2 pCO

b

SOLUTION: LUNAR SOLAR POWER SYSTEM SUN SENDS 13,000 TWs OF RELIABLE SOLAR POWER TO LUNAR SURFACE BASES ON MOON CONVERT SOLAR POWER TO MICROWAVE BEAMS BEAMS DELIVER POWER TO RECTENNAS -Safe (<20% of sunlight) -Reliable (through clouds, rain, smoke, etc.) RECTENNAS ON EARTH -Convert beams to electricity -Deliver electricity to power grid

Carbon Sequestration