J. Hwang, T. He, Y. Kim Presented by Shan Gao
Introduction Target the scenarios where attackers announce phantom nodes. Phantom node Fake their ranging information Identify and filter out A location map for individual nodes A visual representation on the locations of neighbors of a node
Prevent phantom nodes from generating consistent ranging claims to multiple honest nodes. If the phantom nodes generate a set of inconsistent ranging claims, they can be detected. Only distances to other neighboring nodes are allowed to be claimed, not the location information.
Idea To prevent phantom nodes generating a set of fake we can: Accepting any ranging claims, not location claims Hiding the location information during the ranging phase.
Problem Definition Nbr(v) neighbor of v and v D the distance set measured distance calculated distance A set of nodes is consistent, if they can be projected on the unique Euclidean plane, keeping the measured distances among themselves.
Approach 2 phases 1. Distance measurement phase Each node measures the distances to its neighbors. TOA, TDOA 2. Filtering phase Each node projects its neighboring nodes to a virtual local plane to determine the largest consistent subset of nodes. Eventually, each node establishes a local view without phantom nodes. Useful in location-based routing and sensing coverage.
1. Distance measurement phase 1. Measures distance to each neighbor through a certain ranging method such as TDOA or TOA. 2. Announces the measured distances. 3. Collect neighbors’ announcement on the measured distances to their neighbors. 4. Compare collected data. Prevent attack: round robin fashion announcement
2. Filtering phase 1. Each node v randomly picks up 2 neighbors to construct a coordinate system. 2. Use a graph G(V, E) to construct a consistent subset. If, drop this edge. The largest connected set V that contains node v is regarded as the largest consistent subset. ε depends on the noise in the ranging measurement. Repeat iter times. The cluster with the largest size is chosen as a final result.
Locations of nodes, node 6 is a phantom node. Computed plane from pivot 0, 5, 18 Computed plane from pivot 0, 6, 18
Simulation result
Distribution of number of nodes verified
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