Chapter 8 Africa

Take out a sheet of paper. Draw a straight line one the left side. At the top of your paper write: Africa Timeline

As empires took land in the Middle East and the Americas… Civilizations will also develop in Africa

Through conquest and trade Africans built great kingdoms

Egypt Kush Aksum Ethiopia Mali Songhay Ghana Asanti Kilwa Zulu

Ancient African Kingdoms Section 1 Ancient African Kingdoms

Kush Develops around 2000 B.C. South of Egypt Present day Sudan Nomadic cattle herders on savanna (grassy plain)

Previously in Egypt…. 1786 B.C. - Hyksos invaded Egypt (Middle Kingdom) 1539 B.C. - Ahmose I defeated Hyksos (New Kingdom) Around 1500 B.C. – Thutmose III took control of Nubia

Egypt controls Kush Conquered Kush during New Kingdom Controlled for 500 years Egyptians influenced Kushites

Nubia under Egypt’s control.. Nubia was divided into two districts, Wawat and Kush, ruled by viceroy 1160 B.C. - Egypt’s power declined (again) viceroys ruled as independent kings

These kings (with Nubian soldiers) began conquering Egypt Napata became capital

Napata 900 B.C – 591 B.C

Egypt’s influence on Kush Amon-Re Copper & bronze Hieroglyphics pyramids

King Kashta 750 B.C, Set out to conquer Egypt Son – Piankhi – conquered Egypt Kush ruled Egypt for about 70 years

600 B.C.’s: Assyrians invaded Egypt and pushed Kushites back

Kush & Assyria Kushites learned smelting from Assyrians Iron farming tools to increase production Iron knives and spears to trade

becoming a trading country Products led to Kush becoming a trading country

Meroe Became Kushite capital in 540 B.C. Located on Nile – trade and transportation Built temple to worship Amon-Re

Kushites began to lose power… A.D. 350 – Askumite armies burned Meroe to the ground!

Aksum Present day Ethiopia Trading country Middlemen for Mediterranean countries and Far East

Emperor Ezana Destroyed Meroe in A.D. 350 Converted to Christianity in A.D. 324

Aksum Achievements Writing system Terraces – raised levels of land Minted gold coins Stone monuments 60 ft. tall

Decline of Aksum Other kingdoms began to interfere with trade Arab armies pushed Aksumites toward the interior (inland areas) Lived more than 1,000 years