EarthquakesEarthquakes AMSTIAMSTI

EarthquakeEarthquake Shaking & vibrating of earth Natural event Large sudden release of energy along cracks of Earth's crust Beyond human control Studied by seismologist Monitored by satellites

MythsMyths Throughout history, people have had imaginative explanations for why earthquakes happen Giant catfish holding Earth Giant frog jumping on Earth Giant tortoise carrying Earth

WavesWaves Travel in all directions from center of circle Surface waves (up & down) Body waves: P & S waves (push/pull & side/side) S waves don't travel through liquids

Speeds of Waves Each has a constant speeds; but P wave is faster Larger difference between P & S wave arrival means further the seismograph station is from location of EQ

EQ resistant homes Foundation connected to rock deep underground Walls & beams tied together Liquid concrete sprayed on brackets

SeismographsSeismographs Instrument that records EQ- located all over the world 3 different locations needed to locate epicenter Seismogram- paper the vibrations recorded on Each tic = 1 minute if each day Pen moves as the vibrations move

TsunamisTsunamis Huge wave Can be caused by EQ Can travel thousands of miles

Focus & Epicenter Focus- point where EQ begins Epicenter- point on surface above focus

Canines to the Rescue Dogs have stronger senses- especially for smell-sniff the air National Association for Search & Rescue handlers

Ring of Fire Circum-Pacific Belt Consists of a chain of EQ around Pacific Ocean Due to deep sea trenches Common locations- California, Alaska & Japan

Richter Scale Named after Charles Richter Measures magnitude of EQ by measuring the "swing" of the wave Measures 1-8+

Worldwide Statistics Less than per day annually annually annually annually annually annually

Earth's Interior Layers: Core, Mantle & Crust 2 types of crust: Oceanic & Continental

SonarSonar Sending & receiving an echo Used to map the interior of the Earth & the floor of the ocean

Tectonic Plates Earth's crust is broken into segments that fit together like a puzzle Plates float over the mantle Plates move which can cause EQ

Movement of Plates Convergent- 2 plates push together- forms mountains Divergent- 2 plates pull apart- forms trench or valley-dense oceanic plate sinks under continental plate Transform- 2 plates slide past each other- no new land is formed

San Andreas Fault California Rocks have jagged surfaces that hook on each other which wear down after the EQ ruptures Rocks that bend are called ductile Fences & rivers change shape as result of moving plates

Theory of Pangea Belief that all continents were once a single large landmass- super continent Proof? Sides look like they fit together like a puzzle, identical fossils separated by oceans, scratches on glaciers & mountain ranges line up on different continents

Test Time Make an A!